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JWST observations suggest that both pebbles and planetesimals played an important role in forming the giant exoplanet WASP-121 b beyond the H₂O ice line. They also indicate that strong vertical mixing likely drives the nightside atmospheric chemistry.

The interplay between neuronal activity and tumor progression is well-established. Here, the authors demonstrate that blockade of β-adrenergic signaling via administration of propranolol suppresses lung metastasis in multiple mouse tumor models by enhancing the accumulation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells while reducing CCR2+ monocytes, highlighting the re-purposing of β-blockers as a valid therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.

Squeezed light field microscopy (SLIM) combines ideas from tomography and compressed sensing with light field microscopy to enable volumetric imaging at kilohertz rates, as demonstrated in blood flow imaging in zebrafish and voltage imaging in leeches and mice.

Hodgkin Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells and their surrounding microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma remain poorly characterized. Here, the authors perform genome-wide transcriptional profiling with spatial and single-cell resolution to explore the cellular and molecular composition of the Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment and used machine learning to identify IL13 as a potential HRS cell survival factor.

Risk associated with genetically defined forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can propagate by means of transcriptional regulation to affect convergently dysregulated pathways, providing insight into the convergent impact of ASD genetic risk on human neurodevelopment.

Formation of the energy-producing machinery in the proximal tubule of the nephron is an essential step in differentiation. The authors show that mitochondrial localization depends on LRRK2, the activity of which is modulated by fluid flow.

Helicoids are common structures found in many structural biological materials. Here, the authors report on a study of helicoids in the claws of scorpions and report different microstructures to what have previously been reported which have implications in materials stiffness, strength and toughness.

A randomized field study in rural western Kenya, a region most vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change, found that modifying houses with cool-roofs and vector proofing most effectively reduced indoor heat, improved thermal comfort and lowered malaria mosquito density.

A successful silicon spin qubit design should be rapidly scalable by benefiting from industrial transistor technology. This investigation of exchange interactions between two FinFET qubits provides a guide to implementing two-qubit gates for hole spins.

RNA polymerase III transcribes essential non-coding RNAs, but many aspects of this biology remain unclear. Here, the authors develop DRAP3R, a nanopore sequencing method that captures Pol III transcripts and RNA modifications, revealing new RNAs and dynamic modification patterns.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a versatile class of clinically approved drug delivery vehicles, particularly for nucleic acid cargoes, but they often suffer from instability issues. Here, the authors report that the room temperature stability of small interfering RNA LNPs formulated with unsaturated ionizable lipids can be improved by inclusion of mildly acidic, antioxidant-containing buffers.

Long-range interactions are challenging for machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs). Here, authors show that, by just learning from energies and forces, MLIPs can accurately capture electrostatics and predict atomic charges.

Kallies and colleagues examine the role of the chromatin regulator SATB1 in CD8⁺ T cell differentiation during viral infection and cancer. They show that SATB1 is a negative regulator of exhausted CD8⁺ T cell expansion and effector differentiation.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing exposes single-cell-level heterogeneity in the chromatin architecture of individual regulatory elements.

Al-Hilal, Chrysovergi et al. identify a role for durotaxis in lung fibrosis and metastatic pancreatic cancer, mediated by the FAK–paxillin mechanosensor complex, and demonstrate therapeutic targeting of this pathway using the small molecule JP-153.

The pathogen Staphylococcus aureus can invade and replicate within human cells. Here, Rodrigues Lopes et al. use an image-based screening approach to identify S. aureus factors important for invasion, intracellular replication, persistence, and host toxicity in non-professional phagocytic cells.

A high-resolution transcriptomic and epigenomic cell-type atlas of the developing mouse visual cortex from embryonic to postnatal development is presented, providing a real-time dynamic molecular map associated with individual cell types and specific developmental events.

Wearable devices generate vast streams of health data, but making sense of these measurements requires complex numerical reasoning beyond the reach of conventional language models. This study introduces a large language model agent that interprets wearable data to deliver accurate, personalized health insights.

Directly observing ultrafast single electron dynamics at the atomic scale remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate ultrafast Coulomb blockade at selenium vacancies in WSe2/graphene heterostructures using lightwave-driven scanning tunneling microscopy.

Mapping the nanoscale height and dynamics of structures within the cell is difficult. Here the authors present a two-wavelength total internal reflection fluorescence method to perform real-time imaging with nanometre axial resolution using a conventional microscope.

TCR-engineered T cells have shown limited efficacy in part due to the absence of co-stimulation leading to limited accumulation in solid tumors. The authors here show engineering the CD8β coreceptor with an intracellular CD28 domain enhances cytokine production, persistence, and tumor control in vivo independent of tumor-associated co-stimulatory ligand encounter.

RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) are structures formed in guanine-rich regions of RNA that can serve as crucial regulatory elements in gene expression. Here the authors present an RNA language model for transcriptome-wide prediction of rG4s and genetic variants that disrupt or create them.

Calcium imaging of taste neurons and the ventral brain provides insight into evolutionary divergence of food choice in Drosophila species, supporting a role of sensorimotor processing in addition to peripheral receptor changes.

GlyContact enables systematic analysis of glycan 3D structures, revealing how structural properties like flexibility and surface accessibility determine lectin binding and introducing AI models to predict structural features directly from sequences.

Mesothelioma is a highly lethal cancer that remains challenging to diagnose. Here, the authors curate a histomorphological atlas of resected mesothelioma and map it using self-supervised AI endorsed by human pathological assessment, revealing patterns that generate highly interpretable predictions.

Successful navigation relies on reciprocal transformation between different reference frames. Here the authors report egocentric representations of the angle and distance to the boundaries and center of the environment in rodent medial entorhinal cortex, previously known to contain only allocentric spatial representations.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

In this study, the authors analysed a large genomic dataset to trace how jumping genes shaped the global spread of a major wheat pathogen and reveal bursts of activity over decades that drove adaptation to antifungals and crops, highlighting the power of big genomic data to track evolution.

Here the authors show that Plasmodium falciparum egress products disrupt endothelial barrier and activate JAK-STAT and interferon type response in a 3D blood-brain barrier model. Vascular disruption is reversed by Ruxolitinib, a JAK-STAT inhibitor.

Researchers induced ploidy reduction in human oocytes generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer, enabling fertilization and embryo development with integrated somatic and sperm chromosomes, highlighting a proof-of-concept for in vitro gametogenesis.

Metabolomics, metagenomics, proteins and genetics were combined with clinical data to define a metabolic signature of obesity.

Activated T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to optimize effector functions, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here the authors show, using knockout and tumor mouse models, that deficiency of the mitochondrial protein Ant2 in T cells bypasses typical metabolic reprogramming, induces an activated-like metabolic state, and enhances T cell antitumor immunity.

The IKKα kinase was previously reported to promote metastasis. Here, the authors reveal that loss of IKKα function promotes colorectal cancer liver metastasis by expanding a CDH17⁺/CLDN2⁺ epithelial subpopulation characterized by tight junction stabilization and collective migration.

A lack of non-destructive measurements and difficulty in tuning direct coupling between motional modes limits quantum information processing with trapped ions. Both features have now been achieved in an ion crystal using oscillating electric fields.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Stratified medicine promises to tailor treatment for individual patients, however it remains a major challenge to leverage genetic risk data to aid patient stratification. Here the authors introduce an approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue-specific gene expression levels, and highlight its ability to identify biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, supporting the notion of different patient ‘biotypes’ characterized by partially distinct disease mechanisms.

Human cortical development involves dynamic changes in matrisome gene expression across cell types and developmental stages. Here, authors show that these changes reveal links to neurodevelopmental disorders and provide insights into brain formation and diseases.

Ni, Wei, Vona and colleagues use human brain organoids to dissect patient AIRIM variants associated with neurodevelopmental features. A subset of variants impaired ribosome production and protein synthesis, and delayed radial glial cell specification.

This work introduces Deep-STARmap and Deep-RIBOmap, imaging-based sequencing platforms designed to profile transcriptional and translational activity in thick tissue blocks.

The cortex fuels essential physiological processes with glucose-derived carbon, while gliomas fuel their aggressiveness by rerouting glucose carbon pathways and scavenging alternative carbon sources such as environmental amino acids, providing a potential therapeutic target.

Strong correlations between electrons in topological surface states drive the formation of surface van Hove singularities. These may be linked to charge density waves in the surface states.

A large language model designed for health monitoring provides personalized sleep and fitness predictions, insights and advice.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

A flexible micro-electrocorticography brain–computer interface that integrates a 256 × 256 array of electrodes, signal processing, data telemetry and wireless powering on a single complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor substrate can provide stable, chronic in vivo recordings.

Nuclear spins in solid-state systems can have very long coherence times, which makes them attractive for use as qubits. Now a nuclear spin qubit device has been developed with all-microwave two-qubit control that has important performance benefits.

Using activity-based chemical probes, oncogenic IDH1-R132H but not the wild type was found to acquire a unique autopalmitoylation at C269. This mutant-specific modification is critical for the enzyme’s abnormal activity in cancer.

Whether and how highly penetrant NDD (neurodevelopmental disorder) genes such as Syngap1 regulate sensorimotor integration are not fully understood. This study shows that Syngap1 expression in cortical projection neurons promotes cognitive abilities in mice through forming distributed networks that integrate sensory information with motor signals, a dynamic process required for perception and attention.