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Phase transitions are often revealed by a discontinuous behaviour of thermodynamic quantities. Here, the authors study the thermodynamic behaviour of a trapped 2D photon gas, revealing critical behaviour at the phase transition through a cusp singularity of the specific heat.

An extreme Einstein ring ~10,000 times as bright as the Milky Way in the infrared is studied with VLT/ERIS and ALMA, and the authors find that the lensed galaxy is a starburst with a fast-rotating disk, rather than being driven by a major merger.

A Bose–Einstein condensate prepared in low Earth orbit shows a free-expansion time greater than one second, demonstrating the advantages of a microgravity environment for such studies.

An Alice ring is related to the unusual topology of the monopole field and its decay. Here the authors demonstrate a topological monopole defect in the form of an Alice ring using gaseous Bose–Einstein condensates of 87Rb atoms.

A new method to form Bose–Einstein condensates of quasiparticles based on the rapid decrease in the phonon temperature was proposed and shown experimentally.

Glioblastoma—the deadliest form of brain cancer—alters the calvarial bone and its marrow components, pushing it toward producing more myeloid cells and contributing to an immunosuppressive environment.

Spin-orbit coupling is interesting for fundamental understanding of spin transport and quench dynamics. Here the authors demonstrate spin-current generation and its relaxation in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates of Rb atoms in different spin states.

A single electron in a defined orbital is found to interact with a quantum many-body system through electron–phonon coupling.

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entangled beams are sent to a 0.5-m-long optical resonator. To reduce quantum noise in a frequency-dependent manner in the gravitational detector, two-mode frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum states are generated.

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study of the Bose–Einstein condensation phase transition of a trapped atomic gas. The vortices formed spontaneously during condensation are observed and characterized, and the results provide further understanding of the development of coherence in superfluids.

Non-equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensation of 7 ± 2 photons is observed in a sculpted dye-filled microcavity. The small number of particles allows the authors to access and characterize the non-equilibrium dynamics of the bosonic modes.

'Strong coupling' of atomic Bose—Einstein condensates to cavities has remained an elusive goal, but this paper reports such an experiment, made possible by combining a fibre-based cavity with atom-chip technology. The set-up gives rise to a controlled, tuneable coupling rate.

Haematopoietic stem cell numbers are restricted at both systemic and local levels.

Membrane-free complex coacervate microdroplets are compelling models for primitive compartmentalization, but it is unclear how molecular co-operativity influences physicochemical properties and activity of membrane-free compartments. Here, the authors use RNA/peptide coacervates as a model to reveal the relationship between coacervate properties and ribozyme activity.

Within quantum electrodynamics electric charge is energy dependent, and there is a previous claim that charge is affected by gravity (general relativity) with the implication that the charge is reduced at high energies. But that claim has been very controversial. This author reports an analysis demonstrating that quantum gravity corrections to quantum electrodynamics have a quadratic energy dependence that results in the electric charge vanishing at high energies.

The application of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms to Euclid’s first quick data release has enabled the discovery of around 500 new strong gravitational lenses, validating predictions that next-generation surveys will substantially extend the reach of strong lensing science.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

P-selectin has been considered as a biomarker of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging. Here, Yang et al. uncovered a new functional role of P-selectin engagement in regulating HSC regeneration and driving stem cell aging when perturbed.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Exciton–polariton condensates have garnered interest as a means to access macroscopic displays of quantum phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation and superfluidity. In this work, a direct measure of the polariton–polariton interaction is obtained.

Chemically driven blockade of PU.1 binding sites leads to its genome-wide redistribution. PU.1 network rewiring causes human acute myeloid leukemia cells to differentiate.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Thermoelectric materials are required to be electrically conducting while thermally insulating, which can be challenging to achieve. Here, the authors report a thermoelectric transport regime with defect tolerant charge transport but defect intolerant heat propagation in two-dimensional coordination polymer films.

Here authors demonstrate how a 2D hybrid perovskite melts and forms glass, uncovering atomic-scale structural and dynamic evolution across the crystal–liquid–glass transition. Local structural motifs are retained, advancing understanding of amorphous hybrid materials.

All-optical logic devices could overcome the speed limitations of conventional electronic devices. Here, authors demonstrate sub-ps all-optical switching exploiting the ultrafast transition from strong to weak light-matter coupling in microcavities with bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

The authors highlight inconsistencies and divergencies in the literature reporting data on indirect calorimetry for studies on whole-body energy homeostasis, and propose harmonization of standards to facilitate data comparison and interpretation across different datasets.

Phase transitions in quantum matter are related to correlation effects and they can change the ordering of material. Here the authors measure the first-order spatial correlation and the de Broglie wavelength for both thermal and condensed form of a photonic Bose gas in a dye-filled optical microcavity.

In Drosophila, coherent slow-wave activity between sleep-promoting and locomotion-promoting neural networks provides a brain state structure that allows for quiescent behaviours.

Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer. Here, the authors identify distinct subtypes based on genomic alterations and transcriptomic alterations.

Biomolecular condensates play a role in cellular processes and their size affects reaction pathways. The size distribution is connected to varying contributions of nucleation and coalescence.

Oblique line scan microscopy achieves nanoscale spatial and sub-millisecond temporal resolution across a large field of view, enabling improved and robust single-molecule biophysical measurements and single-molecule tracking in both cells and solution.

The immune receptor Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 (TMIGD2) mediates T-cell and nature killer cells co-stimulation upon B7-family HHLA2 engagement. Here, the authors show that TMIGD2 is expressed in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia stem cells regulating self-renewal and differentiation to facilitate leukemogenesis.

We present James Webb Space Telescope observations that detect the 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature in a galaxy observed less than 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang.

Cui et al. identify an important role for MLL3 in regulating the hybrid epithelial–mesenchymal transition state in breast cancer and show that deletion of MLL3 enhances metastatic capacity through increased IFNγ signalling.