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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a growing health burden with limited treatment options worldwide. Herein the authors report a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose trial of a first-in-class pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitor ZSP1601 in NAFLD patients.

The diversity and spillover potential of pangolin-associated microbes are not fully understood. Here, the authors describe the distribution and spectrum of reported pangolin microbes by integrating data from multiple sources and assess their potential to emerge as human pathogens.

Multimodal approaches combining various numbers of behavioral, neuroimaging and electrophysiological markers improves neuroprognosis performance in clinically unresponsive critical-care patients.

Using RNA in situ conformation sequencing technology, the role of Alu elements in mediating the interaction between enhancers and promoters is shown.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Unravelling the formation of binary nanocrystal phases is challenging. Here, by combining in situ small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that AlB₂ and NaZn₁₃ superlattices undergo classical homogeneous nucleation consistent with the presence of short-range attractive interactions guiding the crystallization process.

Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) is promising to host features of topological superconductivity. Here, de la Barrera et al. study layered compounds, 2H-TaS₂ and 2H-NbSe₂, in their atomic layer limit and find a largest upper critical field for an intrinsic TMD superconductor.

Coral fossils can record climatic history, but teasing apart environmental signals remains a challenge. Here the authors show that crystallographic changes in coral skeletons grown under high CO2 conditions could be used as a sensitive pH proxy, enabling measurement of ocean acidification back in time.

Though metallic edge states in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide have been observed before, how these states contribute to charge transport remains unclear. Here, the authors quantify the edge state contribution to electrical transport in monolayer MoS₂/WSe₂ field-effect transistors, revealing a dominated non-linear edge transport at low temperature, indicating possible Luttinger liquid behavior.

The HNF4α gene contains two promoters, which are thought to be active in the fetal and adult liver, the latter contributing to hepatic glucose production. Here the authors show that the fetal isoform of HNF4a is induced in mouse livers upon fasting and in type-2 diabetes in a manner regulated by TET3.

The 2021 eruption of Mount Nyiragongo, DR Congo demonstrated that magma storage close to the surface in open systems means that eruptions may occur with very short-term precursory activity, raising major challenges for their monitoring.

The T2K experiment constrains CP symmetry in neutrino oscillations, excluding 46% of possible values of the CP violating parameter at a significance of three standard deviations; this is an important milestone to test CP symmetry conservation in leptons and whether the Universe’s matter–antimatter imbalance originates from leptons.

High-energy electron scattering that can isolate pairs of nucleons in high-momentum configurations reveals a transition to spin-independent scalar forces at small separation distances, supporting the use of point-like nucleon models to describe dense nuclear systems.

A critical compositional factor influences the rheological evolution and crystallization timescales of basalts under disequilibrium conditions, according to cooling rate deformation experiments carried out on Stromboli melt.

Defects in interleukin-22 production and group 3 innate lymphoid cells are correlated with aggravated gut inflammation. Wu et al. find that proline uptake via the proline transporter Slc6a7 is involved in activation of lymphoid tissue inducer cells and interleukin-22 production in the gut, and that dietary supplementation with proline alleviates colitis in a mouse model.

The band topology of twisted 2D systems is a key factor behind their fascinating physics. Here, the authors demonstrate the role of polarization in driving the band topology evolution in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide homobilayers.

The authors report on the emergence of intercell moiré exciton complexes where, in H-stacked WS₂/WSe₂ heterobilayers, the exciton’s hole from the WSe₂ layer is surrounded by its bound electron’s wavefunction distributed among three adjacent moiré traps in the WS₂ layer exhibiting an out-of-plane dipole and in-plane quadrupole.

Using the lifespan brain chart and two large-scale cross-cultural consortia (ABIDE and CABIC), we disentangle the heterogeneity of brain morphology in ASD into two structural impairment pathways that could disrupt sensory to association functions.

The field of hydride superconductivity is currently attempting to increase the critical temperature T_c, while also lowering the required stabilization pressure. Here, L.C. Chen et al. study (Y,Ce)H₉ alloys and find maximum T_c ~ 140 K at 130 GPa pressure.

Stress-related anxiety can gradually become extinct but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that microglial engulfment of dendritic spines promotes the extinction of acute stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice.

The comprehensive understanding of complex catalytic mechanisms under harsh reaction conditions for efficient bifunctional single-atom electrocatalysts remain challenging. Here the authors found microenvironment reconsitution of highly active Ni single atoms on oxygen-incorporated Mo2C for water splitting.

Understanding the mutation landscape of cancer may enable the development of more targeted therapies. Here, the authors sequence a panel of genes in a large Asian cohort and compare to American cohorts and find 64% of the Asian patients have actionable mutations.

Deep metagenomic sequencing and characterization of the human gut microbiome from healthy and obese individuals, as well as those suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, provide the first insights into this gene set and how much of it is shared among individuals. The minimal gut metagenome as well as the minimal gut bacterial genome is also described.

The lunar norite meteorite Arguin 002 likely formed through plutonic magmatism originating from low-degree partial melting of a deep, KREEP-free mantle source, according to mineralogical and geochemical analyses.

The basaltic sub-Plinian eruptions of Ambae Volcano, Vanuatu, are driven by rapid magma ascent, due to high concentration of dissolved volatile. This conclusion is supported by satellite observations, alongside gas measurements and geochemical analyses.

The molecular mechanisms mediating nociception are unclear. Here, the authors show that the Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) is important for the response to heat nociception in mice and ATF4 role in mediating protein trafficking in dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Pressure-induced changes in the magnetic order of bilayer and trilayer van der Waals crystals are revealed and attributed to changes in the stacking arrangement.

Research on the bulk internal electric field (IEF) regulation is significant for designing high-efficiency photocatalysts. Here, the authors report distinctive bismuth oxyhydroxide nanorods photocatalyst and increase the bulk IEF intensity by halogen ions exchange.

Free carriers and electrical polarization coexist in ferroelectric metals. Here, the authors use a capacitive method to probe the electronic compressibility of free carriers in a tunable semimetal, extract the polarized contribution, and study the carrier dependence of the ferroelectric state.

Chinese breast cancer patients have not been well represented in clinical sequencing studies. Here the authors analyse the mutational landscape of 1,134 Chinese breast cancer patients, finding actionable targets and a higher prevalence of p53 and Hippo pathway mutations compared to Western cohorts.

Mammalian genomes are scattered with repetitive sequences, but their biology remains largely elusive. Here, the authors show that transcription can initiate from short tandem repetitive sequences, and that genetic variants linked to human diseases are preferentially found at repeats with high transcription initiation level.

Magma reservoirs typically accumulate over hundreds to thousands of years. Yet, geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks from Campi Flegrei suggest activity there was triggered by injections of volatile-rich magma only days before the eruption.

Signatures of fractional quantum anomalous Hall states at zero magnetic field are observed in a fractionally filled moiré superlattice in a molybdenum ditelluride twisted bilayer.