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The KL-VS haplotype of the Klotho gene has been associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Here the authors show an association between the KL-VS haplotype and amyloid-dependent tau accumulation using PET data.

The interplay between amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease is still not well understood. Here, the authors show that amyloid-related increased in soluble p-tau is related to subsequent accumulation of tau aggregates and cognitive decline in early stage of the disease.

A meta-analysis of soil incubation studies from the permafrost zone suggests that thawing under aerobic conditions, which releases CO₂, will strengthen the permafrost carbon feedback more than waterlogged systems, which releases CO₂ and CH₄.

Structural variants in more than 17,000 human genomes are mapped and characterized using whole-genome sequencing, showing how this type of variation contributes to rare deleterious coding and noncoding alleles.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

APOBEC3G is shown to induce a potent, non-site-specific interference with reverse transcription through direct interaction with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and host DNA repair machinery is shown to cleave HIV-1 cDNA.

Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with increased structural brain aging. Here the authors describe a model that predicts brain aging from resting state functional connectivity data, and demonstrate this is accelerated in individuals with pre-clinical familial Alzheimer’s disease.

Usp9x is a deubiquitinating enzyme with altered expression in melanoma; however its functional contribution in this context is not clear. Here the authors show that Usp9x regulates the stability of the transcription factor Ets-1 that in turn impacts metastatic melanoma through increased expression of NRAS.

Land use intensification could modify microbial activity and thus ecosystem function. Here, Malik et al. sample microbes and carbon-related functions across a land use gradient, demonstrating that microbial biomass and carbon use efficiency are reduced in human-impacted near-neutral pH soils.

The conversion of CO2 by renewable power-generated hydrogen is a promising approach to a sustainable production of long-chain olefins. Here the authors report a Cu-Fe catalyst which achieves the hydrogenation of CO2 into long-chain olefins under ambient pressure via the synergy of carbide mechanism and CO insertion mechanism.

Several studies show that APOE-ε4 coding variants are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Here, Zhou et al. perform fine-mapping of the APOE region and find AD risk haplotypes with non-coding variants in the PVRL2 and APOC1 regions that are associated with relevant endophenotypes.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a complex multi-factorial disorder. Here, the authors perform a data-driven analysis of LOAD progression, including multimodal brain imaging, plasma and CSF biomarkers, and find vascular dysfunction is among the earliest and strongest altered events.

The BIN1 SNP rs744373 is associated with higher CSF tau and phosphorylated tau levels. Here the authors show, using PET imaging, that this SNP is associated with tau accumulation in the brain as well as impaired memory in older individuals without dementia.

The identification of Escherichia coli ycfD and human MINA53 and NO66 as ribosomal amino acid hydroxylases defines a role for 2-oxoglutarate/iron-dependent oxygenases in translational regulation.

Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) is used to treat patients with Covid-19, but evidence for clinical benefit from clinical trials is divergent. Here the authors report in that CPT treatment does not affect mortality in patients with severe Covid-19 in phase 2 single center open label randomised controlled trial.

The spatial and physical nature of tumour growth remains unclear. Combining whole-tumour images from clear cell renal cell carcinoma with genomic data, the authors show more aggressive subclonal growth and metastasizing subclones in the tumour centre.

Bacterial DNA gyrase uses the energy from ATP to introduce negative supercoils into DNA via formation of a chiral wrap intermediate. Now DNA rotation and contraction are simultaneously visualized using a single-molecule setup. The data reveal multiple steps, including a dominant non-chiral intermediate step.

Brain-iron elevation is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the impact of the metal on disease outcomes has not been analysed in a longitudinal study. Here, the authors examine the association between the levels of ferritin, an iron storage protein, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients and show that CSF ferritin levels predict AD outcomes.

AutoLFADS models neural population activity via a deep learning-based approach with automated hyperparameter optimization.

The adaptive, biomarker-driven BISCAY trial evaluating durvalumab with targeted agents in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma based on tumor genomic alterations finds no added clinical benefit over durvalumab monotherapy.

Three different ultrafast probes investigate a non-adiabatic phase transition and find substantial evidence of topological defects inhibiting the reformation of the equilibrium phase.

Whether Alzheimer’s disease originates in basal forebrain or entorhinal cortex remains highly debated. Here the authors use structural magnetic resonance data from a longitudinal sample of participants stratified by cerebrospinal biomarker and clinical diagnosis to show that tissue volume changes appear earlier in the basal forebrain than in the entorhinal cortex.

Transcription-induced DNA supercoiling has dynamic effects on theMYCpromoter element: it converts duplex DNA to non-duplex DNA structures. These non-duplex DNA structures regulate transcription and are amenable to small-molecule targeting. Does this represent another opportunity for the treatment of tumours?

Chowdhury Abdulla and Richa Aishwarya et al. report that methamphetamine exposure in mice leads to cardiomyopathy via the signaling receptor Sigmar1. They find that methamphetamine inhibits Sigmar1, which alters mitochondrial function, and show that their findings are consistent with observations in hearts from human methamphetamine users.

Exome-wide genetic analysis on >300,000 individuals identifies associations with plasma lipid traits. Loci significantly associated with cholesterol and triglycerides are examined together to determine the effects of alleles on type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease risk.

The tau protein is theorized to spread transneuronally in Alzheimers disease, though this theory remains unproven in humans. Our simulations of epidemic-like protein spreading across human brain networks support this theory, and suggest the spreading dynamics are modified by β-amyloid

High-quality draft genomes have been generated for the two commercially cultivated jute species, Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis. Transcriptome analyses revealed key regulatory and structural genes involved in fibre formation.

Only about 15% of water cycle diagrams include human interaction with water, although human freshwater appropriation amounts to about half of global river discharge, according to an analysis of 464 water cycle diagrams and a synthesis of the global water cycle.

A detailed scanning tunnelling microscopy study of the cuprate superconductor Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x reveals the microscopic origin of the d-symmetry form factor density wave that exists in the pseudogap phase of this material.