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Neutron-scattering measurements on the magnetically ordered triangular-lattice compound FeI₂ reveal a dispersive band of mixed dipolar–quadrupolar fluctuations just above its ground state—a quantum excitation without a classical counterpart.

The evolutionary mechanisms leading to symbiont replacement in insects are not well understood. Zhou et al. show that genome degradation results in nested symbiosis and endosymbiont replacement in cicadas, offering insight into the endosymbiotic origins of cellular organelles.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an understudied biofilm-associated infection. Here, analyses of preclinical and clinical data reveal that the Fsr quorum sensing (QS) system of Enterococcus faecalis is a negative regulator of IE pathogenesis.

TRPC5 ion channels play a critical role in the brain. Here, the authors report cryo-EM structures of the TRPC1/C5 heteromer and TRPC5 bound to two agonists, providing structural insights into channel assembly and modulation.

Voltage-gated potassium channels control excitability, but their non-conductive structure remained elusive. Here, authors reveal the Shaker channel’s closed-pore structure, showing distinct “roll-and-turn” helix movements that redefine activation gating in the Kv1 family.

Single particle cryo-EM is commonly used for the structure determination of large complexes. Here, the authors present the 3.2 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of human haemoglobin, which has a molecular weight of 64 kDa.

Kephart et al. use biophysical approaches to probe changes in H5N1 influenza hemagglutinin dynamic behavior resulting from transmission-adaptation mutations. Subtype-specific patterns of activation dynamics are revealed that indicate underlying physical constraints on HA adaptation.

The ABC transporter ABCC1 confers resistance to anticancer drugs and mediates physiological functions by exporting diverse substrates. Here, authors determine ten cryo-EM structures of ABCC1 in distinct functional states, providing systematic insights into its substrate recognition diversity and transport dynamics.

The selective autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 is organized in a structured double helical filament in vitro, the cryo-electron tomographic images in ATG5 knockdown conditions reveal Ca-rich layers of p62 oligomers enwrapping lipid droplets in situ.

Kozai, Fernandez-Martinez et al. use high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the permeability barrier of yeast nuclear pore complexes. They show that karyopherins remodel a central plug that shapes barrier dynamics and disorder within the pore.

This study presents a scalable and sustainable electro-membrane crystallization-assisted general recycling technology that efficiently recovers high-purity lithium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries.

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells, little is known about distribution of ionomers inside electrodes. Here, the authors present an electron tomography technique that allows a three dimensional visualization and quantitative analysis of ionomer layers in the electrodes.

The authors describe the isolation and characterization of broadly cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against diverse H5Nx viruses from individuals who received a monovalent H5N1 vaccine 15 years ago. They identify five mAbs that potently neutralized the majority of H5 clades and protected against lethal 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infection in mice.

Mauthe et al. find that protein aggregate clearance requires fragmentation of the aggregate by a chaperone module and a proteasomal regulatory particle for recruitment and clustering of selective autophagy receptors to initiate phagophore formation.

Electrolyte|electrode instability largely limits battery lifespan of lithium-carbon dioxide batteries. Here, authors design a decoupled electrolyte system that enables long-term cycling and low overpotential in Li-CO₂ batteries by regulating solvation structures near the positive electrode during dynamic cycling.

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers a promising route to convert greenhouse gases into valuable syngas, yet its industrial application is limited by catalyst deactivation and carbon deposition under severe conditions. Here, the authors introduce a Ce-modified, Ni-exsolved perovskite catalyst that exhibits synergistic effects, enabling highly efficient and durable DRM performance.

J-domain proteins (JDPs) regulate Hsp70 function and specificity. Here, authors combine functional assays and cryoEM to describe the structure of a dynamic tubular assembly of DNAJA2, a class A JDP, and its stabilizing interdomain interactions.

Ferroelectricity in hafnia-based systems seems to be correlated with oxygen vacancy dynamics, but the coupling of this and ferroelectric response is rarely studied. Here it is shown that Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ can be antiferroionic, with antiferroelectric behaviour coupled to surface electrochemistry.

Selective oxidation of biomass-derived precursors has been reported but requires elevated temperatures and pressures of O₂ and strongly alkaline conditions. This study develops an antenna–reactor plasmonic photocatalyst (RuPt on TiN) for the selective conversion of HMF to FDCA using near-infrared irradiation in the absence of base.

Arp2/3 complex forms branched actin networks that drive cell and organelle motility. Here, authors show that Coro7 targets branch junctions by binding Arp2/3 complex and actin filaments, promoting debranching, and supporting ER–Golgi transport.

Hydroxylapatite crystallites in human dental enamel show gradients in chemical composition, with a layer of magnesium enrichment on each side of a core rich in sodium, fluoride and carbonate ions.

Following its internalisation, active endosomal GLP-1R engages with VAPB and SPHKAP at ER membrane contact sites to assemble a local cAMP/PKA condensate for the control of MICOS complex phosphorylation, mitochondrial remodelling and β-cell function.

The presence of EGFR mutations and de novo MET aberrations limited response to EGFR inhibitors in patients with advance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 randomised clinical trial investigating first-line osimertinib (EGFR inhibitor) plus savolitinib (c-MET inhibitor) in patients with MET-aberrant, EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.

Super El Niño events greatly increase the likelihood of global climate regime shifts, revealing their amplified impact and risks in a warming world.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) face synthesis and structural control challenges. Here a scalable NaCl-template strategy is developed to produce diverse SACs with tailored coordination, enhancing catalytic performance for environmental and energy uses.

Rodrigues and Queiroz et al. report the discovery of Naiavirus, the largest enveloped virus, isolated from a Brazil biome. With an oval capsid and flexible tail, its giant genome holds many novel genes, underscoring the value of viral isolation studies.

Pulmonary type 2 inflammation is associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Here the authors use the Collaborative Cross mouse panel to show that ILC2 abundance during type 2 lung inflammation is different across the panel and identify free-fatty acid receptor 3 (Ffar3) as a gene responsible and show cytokine and ILC2 functional changes.

Tumours that grow on organ surfaces are difficult to eradicate as the complex topology of underlying tissues might hamper accessibility to tumour foci even after surgery. In this paper the authors engineer a peptide-based hydrogel that can be applied on surface tumours before or after resection, conform to the tissue underneath and release therapeutics.

DNAJC12 variants cause parkinsonism. Here, the authors show that DNAJC12 stabilizes tyrosine hydroxylase, a crucial enzyme in dopamine synthesis, and identify key structural motifs for this interaction, explaining the pathogenesis of truncated variants.

Samples returned from asteroid Bennu largely comprise hydrated sheet silicates with sulfides, magnetite and carbonate that indicate alteration by a fluid that evolved from neutral to alkaline, according to a micro- and nanoscale mineralogical study.

A W-Re-Os refractory multi-principal element alloy is developed by high-throughput combinatorial additive manufacturing. This alloy exhibits outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability over a wide range of temperatures up to 1400 °C.

Studying membrane contact sites at high spatiotemporal resolution is still challenging. Here, authors introduce a series of dynamic chemogenetic reporters to visualize these subcellular regions and study the associated calcium signals.

Using focused ion beam milling and cryoelectron tomography, Tsuji et al. found actin filaments, with both cofilin-bound and canonical morphologies, within the lumen of human platelet microtubules and reconstituted these structures in vitro.

A universal and non-destructive technique is developed to process diverse types of powder into micro- or nanofibres, providing flexibility for material design and applications based on functional particles.

The gut microbiota-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is found to enhance mitochondrial fatty acid and amino acid oxidation in CD4⁺ T cells. In mice, IPA-mediated metabolic reprogramming of CD4⁺ T cells exerts anti-inflammatory effects and protects against colitis.

Ion-channel conductance levels are controlled by the bending patterns of pore-forming transmembrane helices in the heterotetrameric neuronal channel GluN1a-2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.

The earliest known human burial in Africa, that of a young child, is dated to around 78,000 years ago.

Aqueous zinc–iodine batteries offer an inexpensive, safe technology for energy storage, but using inactive host materials limits the energy density and polyiodide shuttling reduces cycling lifetimes. Now it has been shown that integrating electroactive ferrocene into cathodes offers additional capacity to enhance energy density and enables shuttle-free operation.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Divalent cation–exchanged zeolites enable complete ambient NO₂ removal with zero NO emission, overcoming a long-standing challenge in air purification and establishing a scalable pathway for zero-emission NO_x filtration.

Inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations can result in diverse clinical phenotypes. Here, the authors characterise a heteroplasmic tRNA^Ala mutation (m.5019A>G) in mice and demonstrate that macrophages carrying this mutation display altered function and metabolism in vitro, along with increased type I IFN release following LPS challenge in vivo.

LEVA is a label-free immobilization method for studying surface-bound extracellular vesicles.

PEGylated black phosphorus nanosheets boost mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, thereby modulating the survival and immune evasion in tumour cells, and further promoting the activation of immune regulation.

Here, the authors present cryoEM structures of AftB, a key mycobacterial enzyme that adds terminal arabinose residues to the cell wall. In concert with functional assays and MD simulations, mechanistic insights are presented.

Doa10/MARCHF6 is a conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in eukaryotes, but its molecular mechanism was unknown. The authors combine cryo-EM, computational and biochemical analyses to reveal how Doa10 recognizes its substrate proteins for ER-associated degradation.

A HfNbTiVAl₁₀ alloy shows tensile ductility and ultrahigh yield strength from the addition of aluminium to a HfNbTiV alloy, resulting in a negative mixing enthalpy solid solution, which promotes strength and favours formation of hierarchical chemical fluctuations.

Here the authors report that some aspects of clinical heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes vary across populations. Using a deep-learning–based tree model built from over 32,000 patients, they document disease patterns and risks specific for the Chinese population, potentially enabling more precise prediction and personalized care.

A Middle Triassic diapsid is presented that has a distinctive crest consisting of integumentary appendages that are structurally distinct from avemetatarsalian feathers.