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A method that combines a depth-sensing camera and machine learning can track the movements of up to four mice in real time and for several days, extracting both individual and group behavioural traits.

Although effector activity and memory formation in CD8 + T cells are known to depend on mTORC1-mediated metabolic regulation, the molecular mechanisms involved are lesser known. Here authors show that NKG7, a lysosomal protein specifically expressed in CD8 + T cells, inhibits mTORC1 function via the lysosomal proton pump, vacuolar ATPase, promoting antitumor activity and expansion of memory T cell precursors.

The protein gephyrin is involved in organizing synapses. Here, the authors show how different transcripts of gephyrin form and regulate inhibitory synapses.

This expert Consensus Statement from the Quantitative Cardiovascular Imaging Study Group provides evidence-based recommendations for integrating coronary CT angiography and artificial intelligence-supported evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with stable chest pain. The authors aim to harness the reliability and precision of artificial intelligence to individualize treatment based on atherosclerotic plaque analysis.

Fluoxetine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant. Here, the authors demonstrate the that fluoxetine can trigger muscle regeneration in male mice by acting on muscle stem cells, vascularization, and inflammation, resulting in faster muscle healing.

Marichal and colleagues show that lung neutrophils in mice exposed to three distinct pro-allergic conditions release neutrophil extracellular traps that potentiate allergen uptake by dendritic cells and type 2 allergic inflammation.

Genome-wide association analyses of intracranial and nine subcortical brain volumes in 74,898 participants of European ancestry identify 254 independent loci and yield polygenic scores accounting for brain variation across ancestries.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) gives access to the atomic-scale properties of matter. Here, the authors showcase the fluorescent functionalization of an STM tip using a single molecule in direct metal contact, permitting the local electrostatic and -dynamic environment to be probed.

Targeting NETosis alleviates type-2 immunopathology induced by rhinovirus infection in a mouse model of airway hypersensitivity, and correlative data suggest that a similar mechanism may operate in human rhinovirus-exacerbated asthma.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically improved the outcomes in patients with advanced-stage driver-negative non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although most patients will ultimately have disease progression on these agents and the most effective treatment approach in this scenario remains uncertain. In this Review, the authors describe the outcomes in patients receiving second-line therapy for advanced-stage NSCLC and provide an overview of emerging therapies and future areas of research in this challenging clinical setting.

The mechanisms by which pyruvate metabolism defects lead to neurological symptoms in Leigh syndrome patients remain unclear. Here, the authors show a link between pyruvate metabolism and translation fidelity that is important for brain development.

Metastasis of urothelial carcinoma remains incurable due to insufficient treatment options for advanced disease. Here, the authors combine whole exome sequencing and RNA-seq from metastatic biopsies, and show temporal evolution when compared with primary tumour.

Western Amazon rivers play a critical and underrecognized role in sustaining the Amazon Basin’s ecological integrity, according to analysis of the status of the hydrology and sediments, biodiversity, and longitudinal connectivity across the region.

This study identifies a novel immune checkpoint in senescent cells that is linked to the ganglioside GD3 and that contributes to the evasion of immune clearance by these cells and to aging and age-related diseases.

Devices that harness electron flow from photosynthetic organisms generally compromise host photosynthesis. Here, the authors show that, by redesigning the Q_Asite of Photosystem II, it is possible to reroute electrons to an exogenous quinone while maintaining endogenous photosynthetic electron transfer in a green alga.

The reason why manipulating dopamine (DA) activity can affect both action latency, action direction, and movement vigor, but only in certain animal states and behavioral settings is not fully understood. Here, the authors propose that DA signaling builds and reveals latent attractors representing potential goals. They validate their model predictions: activation of dopamine neurons exerts context- and state-dependent effects on mouse movements.

Reprogramming holds great promise for regenerative medicine but the molecular mechanisms governing the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells remain unclear. Here, the authors reveal functions for the axonal guidance cue Netrin-1 in constraining apoptosis at the early stage of reprogramming and in established pluripotent cells.

Stem cells hold great potential for therapeutic use but their supply is limited. Latilet al.isolate muscle stem cells from human and mouse cadavers after 17 and 14 days, respectively, and show that when transplanted into mice the cells can regenerate tissues.

This study reports the discovery of a retrotransposon insertion in the FLC gene conferring an environmentally dependent control mechanism mediated by DNA methylation that drives the adaptation of natural Arabidopsis populations to herbicide exposure.

In high light conditions, terrestrial plants dissipate excess energy as heat. However, microalgae such as Chlamydomonas use state transitions, not to dissipate excess light energy, but to efficiently redistribute it between the photosystems.

In this cohort study, the authors find that depressive symptoms at the beginning of the pandemic may partially explain why women participants who had a COVID-19 episode were more likely than their male counterparts to report at least one post-COVID-19 persistent symptom seven to ten months later.

Multi-controlled operations are very common in quantum algorithms applications. Here, the authors propose three schemes for decomposing n-control-NOT gates into single-qubit and CNOT gates, which have polylog overhead as opposed to current linear schemes.

Using a joint species distribution model fitted to 61 species, this study shows that the habitat of Arctic fish might be hugely reduced in the next decades, and potentially eliminated from the Barents Sea. Boreal species are shown to expand their habitat, leading to increased species richness in the area and a diversification of dominance, but this might not increase overall biomass.

β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is associated with pathological aggregates of IAPP that accumulate in pancreatic islets. Here, the authors describe a novel antibody cloned from healthy elderly donors that selectively targets IAPP oligomers and protects from IAPP toxicity.

Patient data from six clinical trials are used to compare the genomic landscapes of breast cancer metastases with those of primary tumours, revealing an increase in mutational burden and clonal diversity.

Using the Tara Oceans dataset, this study describes global patterns of diatom diversity, abundance and adaptation. The authors identify 25 distinct communities, with the Arctic as a hotspot, and highlight diatom transcriptional features. These insights aid understanding of the ecological roles of diatoms and their responses to global change.

Nonsense mutations can be corrected by several molecules that activate readthrough of premature termination codon. Here, the authors report that 2,6-diaminopurine efficiently corrects UGA nonsense mutations with no significant toxicity.

The complexity of spatial omics data presents analytical challenges and demands substantial computing resources. Here, the authors introduce Sopa, a technology-invariant, memory-efficient pipeline with a unified visualizer for all image-based spatial omics.

Approximately a quarter of the human genome consists of gene deserts. Here, Abassah-Oppong et al. reveal the biological relevance, embryonic functions and underlying enhancer architecture of a genomic gene desert flanking the Shox2 transcription factor essential for limb, craniofacial and cardiac pacemaker development.

In this work, authors show that β-lactamase enzymes not only confer antibiotic resistance but also increase susceptibility to other antibiotics.

As neural implants become more integrated with human cognition and identity, the risks posed by their sudden discontinuation are unique and demand urgent attention.

“In subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), therapies are limited and clinical outcomes remain disappointing. The authors show a contribution of the urotensin II system in microvascular changes, vasospasm, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits post-SAH, primarily through meningeal cells and border-associated macrophages

Francesco Cucca, Serena Sanna, David Schlessinger, Gonçalo Abecasis and colleagues report genome-wide association analysis results for the levels of A1, A2 and fetal hemoglobin in a large Sardinian cohort. By integrating high-density array genotyping and whole-genome sequencing, they detect 23 associations at 10 loci and observe a wide range of pleiotropic effects of variants across the 3 hemoglobin types.

The switch from linear to cyclic electron flow has long been thought to rely on the migration of antenna proteins from Photosystem II to Photosystem I. Takahashi et al. report that this is not the case and that cyclic electron flow is tuned by the intrachloroplastic redox power.

The evolutionary origin of Hippopotamidae, the family of hippos, is poorly understood. Here, the authors describe a new fossil from Kenya that unambiguously roots Hippopotamidae into the group that includes the first large terrestrial mammals to invade Africa, more than 30 million years ago.

EEG-based brain state modeling reveals connectivity patterns linked to consciousness levels and recovery, enabling real-time bedside assessment in patients with disorders of consciousness.

A study proposes four ways in which foods sourced in aquatic environments can contribute to healthier, more environmentally sustainable and equitable food systems, and examines the relevance of these ambitions to nations.

Here the authors reveal that a neomorphic mutation in chromatin protein SMCHD1 enhances SMCHD1-mediated gene silencing, including at the FSHD disease-relevant locus, while depleting SMCHD1-mediated chromatin interactions, suggesting these SMCHD1 functions are unlinked.

Evidence for the presence of Homo during the Middle Pleistocene is limited in continental Southeast Asia. Here, the authors report a hominin molar from Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Cobra Cave), dated to 164–131 kyr. They use morphological and paleoproteomic analysis to show that it likely belonged to a female Denisovan.

Global riverine carbon export to the ocean may exceed previous estimates, underscoring the important role of riverine carbon to the carbon budget, according to a multi-model ensemble assessment constrained by a global dataset.

Experiments using fentanyl treatment of mice show that µ-opioid receptors mediate positive reinforcement in the ventral tegmental area and negative reinforcement in central amygdala, thereby identifying the circuits that lead to opioid addiction.

Water consumption in line with natural water supply ensures sustainable and equitable access to freshwater resources worldwide. This study assesses whether renewable surface water is enough to meet people’s basic needs and, where it is not, estimates how much groundwater would be required.

Here the authors describe a fluorescent lipid droplet reporter mouse, which allows the staining-free detection of these important lipid-storing organelles. Using this model, they show that LDs are highly abundant in the developing and adult brain.