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Renal cell carcinoma consists of several subtypes, and recurrence is highly dependent on subtype. Here, the authors develop a multi-classifier using imaging, lncRNA and clinical data to predict recurrence in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Many volatile elements are depleted in the bulk silicate Earth. Here, the authors found that these volatile elements tend to react with Fe under pressure and may be sequestered within Earth’s core by forming substitutional Fe alloys.

Insights into how the linker histone H1 promotes chromatin alterations and allows repair of DNA damage are described.

Light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskites have made remarkable progress but their stability is the bottleneck. Here Miao et al. show 14% quantum efficiency at a current density of 300 mA cm-2 and 23.7 hr lifetime under a current density of 100 mA cm-2, making it promising for actual application.

The authors present FuXi Weather, a machine learning-based global forecasting system that cycles data assimilation and forecasting, delivering accurate 10-day forecasts and outperforming numerical weather prediction models in observation-sparse regions like central Africa.

Many two-dimensional materials exhibit isotropic properties, but anisotropy can extend the functionality of future devices. Here, the authors fabricate field-effect transistors from single and few-layer rhenium disulfide and observe an anisotropic ratio of three to one along the two principle axes

Carbyne anions are under explored and poorly understood, owing to their isolation being unknown. Now, the synthesis and isolation of copper phosphinocarbyne anion complexes are reported. Displaying the reactivity of a carbyne anion, these complexes provide access to singlet carbenes, alkenes and ethenimines.

Drug design has recently seen immense improvements in computational methods, but models can still struggle generalizing across binding pockets. Feng and colleagues combine a language model with geometric deep learning to provide efficient generation of potential new drugs.

Large drop in efficiency at high brightness has been holding back the development of various light-emitting diodes including halide perovskite. Here Zou et al. achieve high quantum efficiency of 10% under a high current density of 500 mA cm⁻² in perovskite-based diodes by reducing luminescence quenching.

Long-term observations show that a rising fraction of ammonium nitrate in PM_2.5 reduces aerosol acidity, suppressing the heterogeneous conversion from NO₂ to HONO. This weakens its contribution to the HONO source and atmospheric oxidation capacity.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

The heterogeneity of isoform level m⁶A RNA methylation in single cells is unclear. The authors characterize m⁶A at both single-cell and isoform level through ONT long-read sequencing on single-cell cDNA library with APOBEC1-YTH induced C-to-U mutations. They find the role of m⁶A on surveillance of misprocessed RNAs through CDS-m⁶A decay mechanism.

The global regulator PhoP plays crucial roles in bacterial pathogenicity. Shi et al. report four cryo-EM structures of PhoP-dependent transcription activation and repression complexes, revealing dual transcription regulation mechanisms of PhoP.

Schizophrenia exhibits significant variability in brain structures, traditionally viewed as static due to heterogeneous subgroups. Here the authors use magnetic resonance imaging data from 1,792 individuals with schizophrenia to reveal that gray matter volume variability is greater in early stages and decreases over time, highlighting dynamic brain alterations with implications for understanding disease progression.

[6,6]-Phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), a star molecule in the fullerene field, has found wide applications in materials science. Here, the authors demonstrate the synthesis of buckyballs with fused-ring systems via electrosynthesis through radical α-C−H functionalization of the side-chain ester for both PCBM and its analogue.

This study uses genetic crossing to identify the genes underlying the differences in virulence between two Cryptosporidium isolates. Candidate genes are validated using genetic editing, revealing that the small granule protein SKSR1 is a key virulence factor in Cryptosporidium.

He and colleagues develop LucaOne, a biological foundation model pre-trained on nucleic acid and protein sequences from 169,861 species. It shows an emerging understanding of molecular biology’s central dogma, enhancing bioinformatics analysis and helping explore unknown aspects of molecular biology.

Dissipative self-assembly, which requires a continuous supply of fuel to maintain the assembled states far from equilibrium, is the foundation of biological systems but it remains a challenge to introduce light as fuel into artificial dissipative self-assemblies. Here, the authors report an artificial dissipative self-assembly system that is constructed from light-induced amphiphiles.

The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.

Finding new drug targets may open up a way to combat microbial infections. In this work, authors present the molecular basis for the dual-function regulator MexL as a target to control the virulence and pathogenesis of opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Natural vesicles typically consist of a lipid membrane enclosing substances. Now a coacervate vesicle formed by liquid–liquid phase separation of cholesterol-modified DNA and histones has been developed. Unlike traditional vesicles, these lack a membrane and feature a high-density liquid layer around a water-filled cavity, offering enhanced kinetic stability and potential as a biopharmaceutical delivery system.

The instability of quantum dot inks hinders the scaling up of colloidal quantum dot electronics. Now, Shi and team stabilize the inks with an iodine-rich environment in a weakly coordinating solvent, achieving 13.4% in small-area solar cells and over 10% in modules.

Here, the authors perform a large exome-wide study for venous thromboembolism and identify 18 potential risk genes, including 4 new genes, revealing a significant role of rare coding variants, and offering insights into genetic risk factors.

In 394,005 UK individuals with exome sequencing data, Wu et al. find 56 neuroticism-associated genes (18 novel) and quantify the heritability explained by rare coding variants, highlighting the association of coding variants with neuroticism.

Human leucocyte antigens are important in the adaptive immune response. Here, the authors use data from the UK Biobank linked to electronic health records to investigate the association between genetic variation in HLA alleles and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and breakthrough COVID-19 outcomes.

Using remineralization materials to grow hydroxyapatite crystals on the surfaces is a common strategy for the repair of early demineralized tooth enamels but often stabilizers used for reparation and storage slow down the mineralization process. Here the authors use glycerol stabilized calcium phosphate cluster, which can perform a fast enamel repair via water-triggered transformation.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

Cross-ancestry and sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses for 21 amygdala volumetric traits in East Asian and European individuals provide insight into the genetic architectures of amygdala and subnucleus volumes.

Skyrmions are objects with whirled magnetization protected by their topology that can be created by different means, however, without control of their position. Here, the authors present a method exploiting x-rays to create skyrmions at the beam position allowing for creation of artificial skyrmion lattices.

Homologous recombination (HR) gene mutations are thought to be synthetic lethal with DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) inhibition. Here, the authors reveal that Polθ addiction is determined by the functional impact of gene mutations on DNA end resection activity.

Developed on cytology images of hydrothorax and ascites from 57,220 cases at four hospitals, a deep-learning model shows high accuracy in tumor origin prediction and presents prognostic value when patient treatment is consistent with the cancer origin predicted by the model.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Circular RNA aptamers dampen Alzheimer disease phenotypes in mouse models

Parity-breaking antisymmetric spin exchange interaction is reported in clusters of five qubits within superconducting circuits. This allows the creation of chiral spin dynamics, with potential for future quantum simulations of chiral molecules.

Recent studies have reported the growth of 2D non-centrosymmetric single crystals on substrates with surface steps, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate a method to grow unidirectionally aligned transition metal dichalcogenide grains on various types of substrates, showing the importance of the simultaneous formation of grain nuclei and substrate steps.

Peptidoglycan fragments derived from gut bacteria modulate aspects of the host’s health. Here, Li et al. profile peptidoglycan fragments in the host gut and show that one of them, the disaccharide GlcNAc-MurNAc, acts as a mild TLR4 agonist and protects against gut inflammation.

Here, the authors report a transfer printing method of wafer-scale dielectric layers and metallic electrodes pre-deposited on mica substrates without the need of sacrifice buffer layers, enabling the fabrication of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and encapsulated devices based on air-sensitive black phosphorus with one-month stability.

CRISPR systems are powerful tools for gene editing and diagnostics, but their regulation is challenging. Here, the authors present DNACas, a light-controlled method using photocleavable phosphorothioate DNA to modulate CRISPR activity, enabling precise gene editing and one-pot diagnostic detection.

This study demonstrates stable photoelectricity-induced halide segregation in epitaxial mixed-halide perovskite microwire networks on mica, verified by in-situ observations. Dynamic segregation-recovery processes and reconfigurable self-powered photoresponse reveal physical computing potential.

PRS-CSx is a polygenic risk score construction method that improves cross-population polygenic prediction by integrating GWAS summary statistics from multiple populations.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Optical neural networks have been successfully realized on-chip level, yet to operate it requires coherent light sources. Here, the authors proposed integrated computing based on natural light by combining large-scale spectral filters on CMOS image sensor to facilitate vector-inner products from incoherent light.