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The lanthanum-hydrogen system has attracted attention following the observation of superconductivity in LaH₁₀ at near-ambient temperatures and high pressures. Here authors describe the high-pressure syntheses of seven La-H phases; they report crystal structures and remarkable regularities in rare-earth element hydrides.

Biochemical and structural studies of the human MCM replicative DNA helicase complex show differences from the yeast complex and provide insights into mechanisms of double hexamer assembly on sequence-independent replication origins.

A short isoform of the Tet1 enzyme (Tet1s) that oxidizes the DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) mark is overexpressed in tumors. Here the authors show Tet1s, but not full length Tet1, changes localization over the cell cycle upon ubiquitination and Uhrf1 interaction and is targeted to heterochromatin during S-phase. This leads to 5mC oxidation and loss of DNA methylation in heterochromatin.

Shaping particle beams generated from laser-plasma accelerators is challenging. Here the authors demonstrate an all-optical method to structure the accelerated proton beam by modulating and imprinting the spatial laser profile onto the proton beam.

Integrating inventory data with machine learning models reveals the global composition of tree types—needle-leaved evergreen individuals dominate, followed by broadleaved evergreen and deciduous trees—and climate change risks.

Chromosome ends must be protected from fusion by NHEJ despite Ku binding to telomeres. Here, the authors show that at telomeres yeast Rap1 inhibits Ku’s translocation on DNA, preventing NHEJ and protecting telomeres without displacing Ku.

An analysis of tree survival data from forest sites worldwide shows that in the tropics, rare tree species experience stronger stabilizing density dependence than common species, wheras no correlation of stabilizing density dependence and abundance exists in the temperate zone.

In addition to hyperfine splitting effects, isotope shifts of atomic electronic energy levels allow the investigation nuclear properties. Here, the authors study the isotope dependence of the Zeeman effect in litihium-like calcium isotopes in a Penning-trap setup and find good agreement with QED calculations.

A case–control study investigating the causes of recent cases of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in 32 children identifies an association between adeno-associated virus infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility.

TET2 and GATA2 are two frequently co-mutated genes in CEBPA double mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here the authors show that the underlying mechanism for this cooccurrence is for TET2 loss-of-function mutation to counteract the increase in GATA2 expression, which is disadvantageous to these type of AML cells.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a heterogeneous and aggressive type of T-cell lymphoma. Here, the authors perform single-cell analyses of human and murine PTCL-NOS tumors, and identify a subtype defined by the loss of SMARCB1 that could be targeted with HDAC-inhibitor combination therapies.

Swarm Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that outperforms classifiers developed at individual sites for COVID-19 and other diseases while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

Stig Bojesen, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Alison Dunning and colleagues report common variants at the TERT-CLPTM1L locus associated with mean telomere length measured in whole blood. They also identify associations at this locus to breast or ovarian cancer susceptibility and report functional studies in breast and ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines.

Lipid concentration in the serum is one of the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease and can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. A genome-wide association study in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry now finds 95 significantly associated loci that also affect lipid traits in non-European populations. Among associated loci are those involved in cholesterol metabolism, known targets of cholesterol-lowering drugs and those that contribute to normal variation in lipid traits and to extreme lipid phenotypes.

Bock and colleagues perform integrative analysis of JAK-STAT mutant mice and find JAK-STAT signaling regulates CD8⁺ T cell and macrophage homeostasis by contributing to a poised epigenetic and transcription-regulatory state, preparing cells to rapidly respond to stimuli.

Combination therapy with the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies 3BNC117 and 10-1074 maintains long-term suppression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy in individuals with antibody-sensitive viral reservoirs.

Florian Klein and colleagues report that treating viremic HIV-1-infected individuals with the broadly neutralizing antibody 10-1074 reduced virus levels in blood, but antibody-resistant virus did emerge.

Robust genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods that can utilise time-to-event information such as age-of-onset will help increase power in analyses for common health outcomes. Here, the authors propose a computationally efficient time-to-event model for GWAS.

Genome-wide association analyses of migraine and its subtypes identify new susceptibility loci, including rare variants with large effects implicating PRRT2, SCN11A and KCNK5.

Kedzierska et al. report an association between low production of receptor-binding domain antibodies after mRNA vaccination and altered glycosylation of IgG before vaccination in people with comorbidities, and show that this condition disproportionately affects Australia’s First Nations peoples because of the high burden of comorbidities in this population.

Paul Pharoah, Joellen Schildkraut, Thomas Sellers and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for epithelial ovarian cancer and genotyping using the iCOGS array in 18,174 cases and 26,134 controls from 43 studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. They identify three new ovarian cancer susceptibility loci, including one specific to the serous subtype, and their integrated molecular analysis of genes and regulatory regions at these loci suggests disease mechanisms.

A species-level phylogenetic analysis of the high-elevation flora of the European Alps reveals that the flora is young and colonist rich. Its assembly was primarily driven by the Pleistocene climatic cycles, rather than ancient orogenic events.

Jayavelu, Samaha et al., apply machine learning models on hospital admission data, including antibody titers and viral load, to identify patients at high risk for Long COVID. Low antibody levels, high viral loads, chronic diseases, and female sex are key predictors, supporting early, targeted interventions.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Natural spikes in radiocarbon have been identified at AD 774/5 and 993/4 and attributed to exceptional cosmic-ray events, although the cause remains uncertain. Here, the authors analyse records recovered from ice cores and suggest these spikes originated from extreme solar particle events.

A trans-ancestry genome-wide association study of serum urate levels identifies 183 loci influencing this trait. Enrichment analyses, fine-mapping and colocalization with gene expression in 47 tissues implicate the kidney and liver as key target organs and prioritize potential causal genes.

RNA variants derived from cancer-associated RNA editing events can be a source of neoantigens. Here, based on a proteogenomic pipeline combining DNA and RNA sequencing with MS-based immunopeptidomics, the authors identity and validate potential neoantigen candidates in patients with different tumor entities, highlighting RNA as important neoantigen source.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

Confocal optical microscopy is used to visualize—at high speed—solid (particle volume changes and phase-front velocities) and liquid electrolyte (concentration polarization gradients) dynamics inside operating batteries.

Here the authors show that sepsis and its resolution alter cancer susceptibility by epigenetically altering resident macrophages resulting in retention of T cells that increase antitumoral immunity.

Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative to train accurate and generalizable ML models, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here, the authors present the largest FL study to-date to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for glioblastoma.

It is unclear how distinct concepts are processed in the brain. Here, the authors recorded from concept cells in human subjects with epilepsy and found that a subset of concept cells responded to non-preferred concepts if those non-preferred concepts required comparison to a preferred concept.

Confident molecular identification is key for studying complex biochemistry. Here, the authors employ Quantum-Cascade Laser-based Mid-infrared imaging for rapid identification of ROIs, followed by MALDI imaging prm-PASEF for in-depth lipid identifications directly on complex tissues.

Here, the authors reveal using single-cell RNA sequencing that Parkinson’s disease (PD) patient-derived neuronal cells show altered primary cilia morphology and signaling suggesting cilia dysfunction may underlie PD pathogenesis.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is still not well understood. Here the authors provide patient reported outcomes from 590 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and show association of PASC with higher respiratory SARS-CoV-2 load and circulating antibody titers, and in some an elevation in circulating fibroblast growth factor 21.

BCL-2 inhibition using Venetoclax has emerged as a promising therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML), but primary and acquired resistance is a main limitation of this treatment. Here, the authors show that the ABC transporter ABCC1 (MRP1) together with glutathione, are associated with Venetoclax resistance and represent potential targets to sensitize AML cells to BCL-2 inhibition.

How cyclins contribute to CDK1 substrate specificity during cell division is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that a phosphate-binding pocket in cyclin B1 is critical for accurate CDK1 substrate phosphorylation ensuring mitotic fidelity.

It has been reported that human cancer cell lines present significant diversity across laboratories and become heterogeneous during long-term culture. Here, the authors show that oligo-mutated pediatric sarcoma cell lines are genetically and phenotypically more stable than the highly mutated adult carcinoma cell lines.

Little is known about the interaction of different ecological factors in shaping adaptive evolution in natural habitats. This study found that plants evolved local adaption to different soils, but only when they interacted with aphid- herbivores and bumblebee-pollinators.

In nature, soil, pollinators, and herbivores are the main drivers of plant adaptation and diversification. This study reveals that the interaction between soil and biotic pollination causes divergent evolution where pollinators play a key role, leading to strong divergence among plants in different soils.

The subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) expressing the IGLV3- 21R110 BCR light chain often shows an aggressive clinical course. Here the authors report the development and characterization of IGLV3-21R110- targeted CAR T cells, showing selective targeting and eradication of IGLV3- 21R110 expressing CLL cells.

After the production of double-stranded breaks in mammalian cells, ATM drives the formation of the D compartment, which regulates DNA damage-responsive genes, through the clustering of damaged topologically associating domains, with a mechanism that is consistent with polymer–polymer phase separation.

As presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting: in a randomized platform phase II trial, high rates of pathologic complete response were seen for neoadjuvant durvalumab plus chemotherapy when combined with new agents, most notably a TROP2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) enable the construction of bespoke functional materials, but designing dynamic 2D COFs is challenging. Now it has been shown that perylene-diimide-based COFs can open and close their pores upon uptake or removal of guests, while fully retaining their crystalline long-range order. Moreover, the variable COF geometry enables stimuli-responsive optoelectronic properties.

Leena Peltonen and colleagues report a genome-wide association study of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 16 population-based cohorts across Europe. Six new loci were identified, and overall a genetic risk score improves the screening of high risk groups for dyslipidemia.

The authors use longitudinal data from the UK Biobank to search for genetic variants associated with kidney function decline. Using a linear mixed model, they identify 13 independent variants, incl. 6 novel, and link them to genetics of kidney aging.