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Genome-wide analyses for 7,266 traits leveraging data from several genetic ancestry groups in UK Biobank identify new associations and enhance resources for interpreting risk variants across diverse populations.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

The chromatin functional state can be derived from the binding patterns of chromatin factors. Here, Zhou and Troyanskaya report a data-driven probabilistic modelling of dependencies between chromatin factors that can divide enhancer-like chromatin states into three functionally distinct groups.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Analysis of palaeoceanographic proxies sensitive to oxygen-deficient zone extent and intensity show that the eastern tropical Pacific was well oxygenated during the warm Miocene, agreeing with model simulations that suggest that the recent deoxygenation trend may eventually reverse.

Communication between room-temperature and cryogenic environments is a bottleneck to the scaling of cryogenic devices. Here, the authors introduce a technique for in situ writing and erasing of circuits at low temperatures, enabling reversible construction of patterns without a photoresist.

Abiological catalytic components can increase the synthetic potential of enzymes. This work reports an enzyme with two different abiological catalytic moieties—an organocatalytic unnatural amino acid and a metal complex—that act synergistically to achieve highly enantioselective Michael addition reactions.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

Integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18) is a receptor responsible for recognizing fungal β-glucan. Here, Zhou et al show that the Candida albicans Als family proteins are ligands for the CD11b I domain; an interaction which synergizes with β-glucan to activate CR3.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of problematic alcohol use in one million individuals identified 110 risk variants and shows that multi-ancestry polygenic scores improve risk prediction compared with single-ancestry scores

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

iExoKras^G12D are engineered exosomes for the delivery of siRNA targeting KRAS^G12D. Here the authors describe the results of a phase I trial of iExoKrasG12D in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, reporting safety and clinical activity, as well as immunological correlates informing on tumor immune microenvironment reprograming and future combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.’

Magnetic phase transitions typically lead to changes in a materials magnetostrictive properties. Here, Šiškins et al use the motion of a nanodrum to study the nonlinear magneto-mechanical response of FePS₃, and observe changes in the nonlinear stiffness and damping near the Neel temperature.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

The core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 regulates circadian-dependent myocardial injury.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Ultrasound-driven microbubbles are promising candidates for drug delivery, but the mechanism of action is unclear. Now, single microbubbles induce drug uptake through cyclic microjets formed at mild ultrasound pressures via interfacial instability.

Iminium-catalysed cycloaddition is a prominent example of organocatalytic reactivity, yet a biological counterpart has not been identified. Now, the authors report biochemical, structural and computational evidence for iminium catalysis by the natural Diels–Alderase SdnG.

The association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been known for decades, but mechanisms of gut-liver crosstalk are incompletely understood. Here, the authors show a colitis-triggered protective circuit suppressing cholestatic liver disease which encourages multi-organ treatment strategies for PSC.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Non-local transport measurements on mercury telluride quantum wells show clear signatures of the ballistic spin Hall effect. The ballistic nature of the experiment allows the observed effect to be interpreted as a direct consequence of the band structure of these semiconductor nanostructures, rather that being caused by impurity scattering.

TNF is an important driver of many inflammatory diseases. Zhou et al. demonstrate ILC3 production of the growth factor HB-EGF protects against TNF-mediated injury of the gut epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease.

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to more useful products is an industrially important process. Here, the authors report a nanoporous silver catalyst that efficiently and selectively reduces carbon dioxide due to its high surface area and intrinsically high activity.

Current industrial methods of ethylene glycol production generate substantial CO₂ emissions. Here electrocatalytic ethylene-to-ethylene glycol conversion is coupled to electrochemical CO₂ capture, decreasing carbon intensity by an order of magnitude.

The authors use nitrogen-vacancy centre magnetometry to explore layer number and magnetic field evolution of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains in the A-type antiferromagnet CrPS₄.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Using a single-nucleus multi-omics approach, a study jointly profiles the reorganization of the epigenome and the three-dimensional chromatin conformation during the development of the human hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Mutations of the histone H3K36-specific methyltransferase ASH1L have been linked to several human diseases. Here, the authors report the mechanism by which three C-terminal domains in ASH1L regulate its enzymatic activity and interact with chromatin.

N-glycans on glycoRNAs prevent innate immune sensing of endogenous small RNAs, and the natural mechanism they use demonstrates how glycoRNAs exist on the cell surface and in the endosomal network without inducing autoinflammatory responses.

Analysis of 46 newly sequenced or re-sequenced Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii) accessions establishes the origin of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) D genome from genetically and geographically discrete Ae. tauschii subpopulations.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Ongoing hydrogen loss from two sibling exoplanets provides support for the role of such hydrogen loss in the evolution of close-orbiting sub-Neptunes.

The Van Allen radiation belts are two zones of energetic particles encircling the Earth, but how electrons are accelerated to relativistic energies remains unclear. Here, the authors analyse a radiation belt event and provide evidence in favour of the ULF wave-driven radial diffusion mechanism.

Due to fundamental anatomical and biochemical differences, C₃ and C₄ plant species tend to differ in their biogeography and response to climate change. Here, the authors use global observations and optimality theory to map patterns and temporal trends in C₄ species distribution and the contribution of C₄ plants to global photosynthesis.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

In the copper oxide superconductors, spin fluctuations might be involved in the electronic pairing mechanism. The case for such magnetically mediated superconductivity is now strengthened by the discovery of high-energy magnetic excitations that are not affected by chemical doping levels within several cuprates.