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The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

In this study, Vergani-Junior et al. show that increased expression of the argonaute ALG-1 in long-lived worms improves oxidative stress resistance through the modulation of microRNAs that downregulate the protein disulfide isomerase pathway.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

An analysis of data from 522 population-based studies encompassing 82 global regions and spanning more than a century (1920–2024) shows spatiotemporal transitions across epidemiologic stages 1 to 3 of inflammatory bowel disease, and models stage 4 progression.

Ring-expanding carbon-atom insertion reactions are currently limited to the installation of few functional groups. Now researchers show the use of a radical carbyne precursor for the insertion of carbon atoms bearing varied functional groups to access 2-substituted naphthalenes from indene.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of kidney cancer identifies 63 regions associated with disease susceptibility including one locus that was associated with increased risk in individuals with African ancestry.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

Intestinal physiology requires a balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Here, the authors show that this balance is regulated epigenetically by a dynamic relationship between the evolutionarily conserved PRC2, miR-8 and Notch signaling.

Cattle reference genomes are valuable resources but are currently heavily biased towards European breeds. Here the authors integrate assemblies for African breeds into a more representative cattle graph genome capturing global breed diversity.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

Early in insect embryo development, many nuclei share one large cell, travel varied paths and self-organize into a single layer. Donoughe et al. illuminate this process with live-imaging, modeling, and experimental changes to the embryo’s shape.

Depth of response (CR/VGPR, MRD-) links to better outcomes, while biochemical progression predicts end-organ damage. Higher MHC-I on tumors and greater GZMB+ T cells in clonally expanded CD8+ T cells are tied to improved outcomes.

A strain-release approach, realized by visible-light-mediated triplet energy transfer catalysis, enabled an intermolecular [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition.

Integration of genome-wide SNP, peripheral blood transcriptome, and GWAS data highlights genes with expression patterns associated with bovine tuberculosis susceptibility in cattle.

An Ising solver that is based on a network of electrically coupled phase-transition nano-oscillators, which provides a continuous-time dynamical system, can be used to efficiently solve a non-deterministic polynomial time (NP)-hard MaxCut problem.

Charge noise degrades the performance of spin qubits hindering scalability. Here the authors engineer the heterogeneous material stack in ²⁸Si/SiGe gate-defined quantum dots, to improve the scattering properties and to reduce charge noise.

Cross-species analysis of germline mutation spectra uncovers convergent mutation patterns and shows how domestication has shaped genome evolution.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

Heart failure has a heterogeneous etiology and the genetic underpinnings are not well understood. Here, Arvanitis et al. perform GWAS meta-analysis including 10,976 heart failure cases and 437,573 controls, identify new loci near ABO and ACTN2 and show that deletion of a ACTN2 enhancer leads to reduced ACTN2 expression in differentiating cardiomyocytes.

A benchmarking competition improves tools that predict how regulatory regions control gene expression.

The role of IgG glycosylation in the immune response has been studied, but less is known about IgM glycosylation. Here the authors characterize glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgM and show that it correlates with COVID-19 severity and affects complement deposition.

The comparative genomics of domesticated lineages can yield insights into the signatures of artificial selection. This study sequences 79 water buffalo genomes from 7 breeds and reveals examples of convergent domestication at the genetic level between water buffalo and cattle.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Kasiewicz et al. describe a structure-guided rational design approach to optimize a new GalNAc-Lipid nanoparticle that enables delivery of a base editing therapy in both low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient and wild-type nonclinical models.

The existence and properties of tetraquark states with two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks have been widely debated. Here, the authors use a unitarized model to study the properties of an exotic narrow state compatible with a doubly charmed tetraquark.