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The authors show how to compute the autocorrelation function of FRET efficiencies and obtain dynamic information from as little as a few thousand molecules.

An in-depth microbiological and metagenomic analysis of Colombian farm and fermentation facilities resulted in the design of a defined microbial community that can reproduce the flavour of fine chocolate.

Currently, there is limited knowledge about the spatial heterogeneity of glioma-driving molecular events. Here, the authors employ a multiomics approach to characterize the spatial transcriptomic heterogeneity of various types of gliomas and identify spatially distinct tumor subclones with genomic plasticity driven by mutations on extrachromosomal DNA.

Here the authors provide a comprehensive transcriptomic dataset of human primary microglia for Alzheimer’s disease and healthy aging. They identify dysregulation of immune-related microglial functions as a hallmark of disease.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

BEAST X advances Bayesian phylogenetic, phylogeographic and phylodynamic analysis by incorporating a broad range of complex models and leveraging advanced algorithms and techniques to boost statistical inference.

Estimates of chikungunya virus prevalence across 180 countries and territories show that Southeast Asia, Africa and the Americas carry the most substantiative burden, which would require reactive vaccine campaigns against new outbreaks and routine immunization in heavily endemic areas to reduce transmission.

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

The Connectome 2.0 MRI scanner reconstructs the fine fibres in the human brain and determines cellular and axonal size at an ultra-high resolution.

The Amazonas region has been the most heavily affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. In this study, the authors conduct phylodynamic analyses to assess SARS-CoV-2 lineage replacement dynamics in the region and infer the impact of population immunity on the spread and severity of the Delta and Omicron variants.

Voloudakis and colleagues find statistically significant but weak associations between professional categories and genetic predisposition for neuropsychiatric traits.

Analyses of 475 ancient horse genomes show modern horses emerged around 2200 bce, coinciding with sudden expansion across Eurasia, refuting the narrative of large horse herds accompanying earlier migrations of steppe peoples across Europe.

Networks can be mapped onto hyperbolic spaces to reveal their structure, but previous methods only provided single “best" coordinates. This paper introduces a Bayesian method to add uncertainty estimation to these placements, detecting multiple valid arrangements and providing confidence ranges that improve predictions.

A combination of seroprevalence analyses and modeling indicates that the availability of an infection-blocking CHIKV vaccine would have prevented 88% of cases during an outbreak.

PSEN1 E280A carriers develop dementia by midlife, but there is variability in disease trajectory. Cognitive decline is accelerated in E280A carriers who also have an APOE e4 allele. Educational attainment moderates the effect of APOE on cognition.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

How embryonic melanoblast behaviour influences adult pigmentation patterns and causes patterning defects is unclear. Here, Mort et al. construct a stochastic model parameterised experimentally to show that melanoblast migration is undirected and that reduced proliferation causes patterning defects.

1000 Genomes imputation can increase the power of genome-wide association studies to detect genetic variants associated with human traits and diseases. Here, the authors develop a method to integrate and analyse low-coverage sequence data and SNP array data, and show that it improves imputation performance.

Human gut bacteria can degrade arabinoxylans, polysaccharides found in dietary fiber. Here, Pereira et al. identify a bacterial gene cluster encoding esterases for degradation of complex arabinoxylans. The action of these enzymes results in accumulation of ferulic acid, a phenolic compound with antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties.

Experimental demonstration of quantum speedup that scales with the system size is the goal of near-term quantum computing. Here, the authors demonstrate such scaling advantage for a D-Wave quantum annealer over analogous classical algorithms in simulations of frustrated quantum magnets.

Analysis of circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses during the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Amazonas, Brazil, shows successive lineage replacements led to predominance of the variant of concern P.1 and are associated with variable levels of social distancing.

The spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes is linked to their biological functions. Here, the authors study the 3D genome organization of the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae, revealing links to evolutionary features conserved throughout the Verticillium genus.

Muñoz-Gil and colleagues report the results of an open challenge where they benchmarked algorithms for the characterization of motion changes in single-particle tracking. By ranking methods on simulations, the competition revealed strengths and limitations of AI and classic approaches, guiding researchers toward optimal tools.

Stitching together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, Mendelson Cohen et al. use machine learning to untangle healthy aging from chronic disease, identifying markers of healthy aging and analyzing the heritability of longevity.

Rui Li, Gabriel della Maggiora and co-authors present a deep learning approach for attenuating diffraction and optical imperfections in light microscopy images. By incorporating the underlying physics of light propagation in microscopy into the loss function and designing a conditional diffusion model, they obtained improved performance compared to the state-of-the-art.

Genomic and epidemiologic analyses revealed that a novel reassortant viral lineage of the Oropouche virus, which has been circulating in the western Amazon region of Brazil for about a decade, is associated with the recent human outbreaks between 2022 and 2024.

Data-assimilated three-dimensional dynamic rupture models of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in California are used to reveal the dynamics, interactions and delays of the earthquake sequence.

Zika and dengue incidence in the Americas declined in 2017–2018, but dengue resurged in 2019 in Brazil. This study uses epidemiological, climatological and genomic data to show that the decline of dengue may be explained by protective immunity from pre-exposure to ZIKV and/or DENV in prior years.

Hong Kong experienced a large wave of COVID-19 in early 2022 driven by Omicron BA.2. Here, the authors describe the epidemiological dynamics of this wave and show discordant inferences based on genomic and epidemiological data that underscore the need to improve near real-time epidemic growth estimates.

An analysis of sera samples collected between January and July of 2022 in Hong Kong shows that the effectiveness of both the BNT162b2 and CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant infection waned rapidly after the third and fourth doses.

Phosphonate modifications can be present on microbial cell surfaces. Here the authors perform bioinformatics analyses and observe a widespread occurrence of nucleotidyltransferase-encoding genes in bacterial phosphonate biosynthesis and functionally characterize two of the identified phosphonate specific cytidylyltransferases (PntCs) and determine the crystal structure of T. denticola PntC.

Experiments using an ecologically realistic 185-member bacterial synthetic community in the root system of Arabidopsis reveal that Variovorax bacteria can influence plant hormone levels to reverse the inhibitory effect of the community on root growth.

Here, the authors present results of the ZiBRA-2 project (https://www.zibra2project.org) which is an arbovirus surveillance project, across the Midwest of Brazil using a mobile genomics laboratory, combined with a genomic surveillance training program that targeted post-graduate students, laboratory technicians, and health practitioners in universities and laboratories.

JWST observations of a massive galaxy at a redshift of 2.45 show a powerful outflow of neutral gas, with a mass outflow rate that is sufficient to shut down star formation.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

The molecular determinants of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax are unclear. Here, Ngwana-Joseph et al. identify genomic loci under putative selection in a chloroquine-resistant population, with findings including an association with the ABC transporter family member, pvmrp1.

Mechanical unfolding of huntingtin mRNA with optical tweezers reveals how CAG repeat expansion triggers base pair reshuffling and favors RNA aggregation that is a hallmark of Huntington’s Disease.

Cassini mission revealed water-rich plumes, with temporal variation, near the south pole of Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Here, the authors show combination of slip-controlled jet flow and normal-stress-controlled ambient flow can explain the temporal variability of Enceladus’ plumes.

RUBIES-EGS-QG-1 is an exceptionally massive and mature galaxy discovered just 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang. Its stars formed in an extremely rapid burst, posing a major challenge to all current theoretical models.

Programmable concatenation of cDNA molecules increases the throughput of PacBio sequencing about 15-fold.

Comparison of multiple genome assemblies from wheat reveals extensive diversity that results from the complex breeding history of wheat and provides a basis for further potential improvements to this important food crop.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

JWST/NIRSpec observations of Abell2744-QSO1 show a high black-hole-to-host mass ratio in the early Universe, which indicates that we are seeing the black hole in a phase of rapid growth, accreting at 30% of the Eddington limit.

Genome-wide analyses identify 27 loci associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and provide insights into its genetic architecture in relation to other psychiatric disorders and cognitive traits.