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Wind turbine retirement will result in large end-of-life material flows that must be managed. This Review discusses material reuse and recycling options for composites, steel, rare-earth elements and concrete.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Lavas sourced from Archaean mantle plumes have anomalously light oxygen isotope signatures, according to geochemical analyses of lava samples from southern Africa. The results imply that Earth’s early mantle was heterogeneous.

Heat engines are designed to convert thermal energy into mechanical work through a thermodynamic cycle. Here, Wells et al. show a cycle based on a sublimation process, where a disk of dry ice that rotates on a hot surface due to the Leidenfrost effect is coupled to a simple electromagnetic generator.

Natural background particles could be exploited to detect concealed nuclear materials.

Clonal hematopoiesis is driven by the selective advantage of mutant hematopoietic stem cells. Here, authors discover that elevated mitochondrial activity is a targetable mechanism by which mutant hematopoietic stem cells gain a selective advantage.

A low cost MRI scanner may have the potential to meet clinical needs at point of care or in low and middle income countries. Here the authors describe a low cost 0.055 Tesla MRI scanner that operates using a standard AC power outlet, and demonstrate its preliminary feasibility in diagnosing brain tumor and stroke.

This Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network analysis of 283 cases of malformations of cortical development identifies 69 candidate and known genes in 76 patients. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and mouse modeling implicate radial glia and daughter excitatory neurons.

Kirigami is an ancient art form that is now increasingly studied and applied in science and technology. This work presents an additive approach for the computational design of kirigami and two fabrication strategies for its physical instantiation.

Movable volumetric three-dimensional multielectrode implants coupled to a modular headcap with wireless capabilities allow simultaneous recording of nearly 500 cortical neurons in freely behaving rhesus monkeys.

Zika virus (ZIKV) can persist in human semen and sperm, which can result in sexual transmission. Here, Griffinet al. show that a DNA vaccine, expressing ZIKV pre-membrane and envelope proteins, protects mice from infection-associated damage to testes and sperm, and prevents viral persistence in testes.

Durable agonism of NPR1 achieved with a novel investigational monoclonal antibody could mirror the positive hemodynamic changes in blood pressure and heart failure identified in humans with lifelong exposure to NPR1 coding variants.

Leaf rust and stripe rust of wheat are two important fungal diseases of cultivated wheat and they are caused by infection of different pathogens. Here, the authors report the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein encoding gene Yr87/Lr85 confers resistance to both diseases.

Garnet-type electrolytes are attractive for lithium metal batteries due to their high ionic conductivity. A strategy to decrease interfacial impedance between a lithium metal anode and garnet electrolyte is found promising for all-solid-state batteries.

A pangenome analysis of 76 wild and domesticated barley accessions in combination with short-read sequence data of 1,315 barley genotypes indicates that allelic diversity at structurally complex loci may have helped crop plants to adapt to agricultural ecosystems.

Here the authors describe the discovery of a class of small molecule splicing modifiers which are orally bioavailable, cross the blood-brain barrier, and lower levels of huntingtin in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease (HD).

Thomas, Egan et al. report that hexokinase 2 localizes to the nucleus of leukaemic and normal haematopoietic cells to maintain stemness by interacting with nuclear proteins and modulating chromatin accessibility independently of its kinase activity.

A population of neurons in the parabrachial nucleus that expresses prodynorphin monitors ingestion using mechanosensory signals from the upper digestive tract, and mediates negative feedback control of intake when the digestive tract is distended.

U-Pb dating of carbonate fluorapatite in Pacific Fe-Mn crusts refines age constraints for six oceanic phosphatization events. Correlation with expanded oxygen minimum zones suggests climate-driven shifts in circulation and primary productivity caused phosphorus perturbations.

Current bone fracture repair options include metallic and resorbable systems, both of which suffer from various issues and limitations. Here, the authors demonstrate resorbable and biocompatible silk bone screws, via in vivotesting.

The consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, or fibre, is associated with weight loss. Here the authors show that the metabolite acetate, created by fermentation of fibre in the mouse colon, is taken up into the brain where it induces appetite-suppressing neuronal activity in the hypothalamus.

Kidney metabolism in disease is important but not well understood. Here, using isotope-guided metabolomics, the authors show that lysine’s metabolic activity conveys kidney protection in hypertension through accelerated metabolism and physiological effects on tubular function.

Mokry et al. performed bulk RNA sequencing of 654 advanced human carotid plaques from the Athero-Express biobank and 162 coronary samples, and they show that unsupervised clustering defines plaque types corresponding to different cell compositions and clinical presentations. Circulating biomarkers can be potentially used to mark the different transcriptomic-defined plaque phenotypes.

With the rise in polymer consumption, energy efficient techniques for polymer processing become more important. Using poly(ethylene oxide) aqueous solutions, the authors show that flow can causes a change of polymer solubility resulting in polymer crystallisation at ambient conditions.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

Here, employing laser capture microdissection and omics, the authors determine the effects of fiber-deprived diet on the spatial structure of the murine colon microbiome, finding that the absence of dietary fiber and polysaccharides leads to local changes along the colon and deterioration of the mucus layer.

Automated fabrication of microneedle patch mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 may improve vaccine access.

Martinez et al. identified the protein interactome of the tau seed responsible for propagation. The authors found how the presynaptic protein Bassoon interacts with the tau seed enhancing its stability and subsequently tau toxicity and spreading.

Iron deficiency, the most common health problem in the world, has required a blood test for diagnosis. Here, the authors show that iron deficiency can be detected non-invasively and quickly by measuring the fluorescence of red blood cell zinc protoporphyrin in the microcirculation of the lip.

Heidenreich et al. show that KCNQ4—a gene encoding a K⁺ channel whose mutation is linked to progressive human deafness—is expressed in a subset of dorsal root ganglion neurons and mechanosensory touch neurons that serve tactile sensation. The authors show that KCNQ4 loss of function in mice causes a specific tactile dysfunction owing to altered touch sensitivity. The study also finds that human subjects with KCNQ4 mutations and progressive deafness are hypersensitive to tactile information and are able to discern minute high-frequency tactile vibrations.