Search

A combination of real-world evidence and a reanalysis of phase 3 clinical trial data unveils KRAS codon G12 mutations as a biomarker of resistance to trifluridine/tipiracil in metastatic colorectal cancer.

A dataset of 3D images from more than 200,000 human induced pluripotent stem cells is used to develop a framework to analyse cell shape and the location and organization of major intracellular structures.

Henipaviruses such as Nipah virus (NiV) cause severe encephalitis with high fatality rates in humans. NiV fusion (F) glycoprotein is a key target of the host immune response. Here, Byrne et al. isolate ten neutralizing antibodies against NiV prefusion F and provide a structural analysis of the antibodies and defined eight neutralization-sensitive epitopes on NiV F.

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments and first-principles many-electron calculations demonstrate the quantum mixing of different exciton states in monolayer MoS₂. This reveals the many-body effects and dynamics of exciton formation in 2D materials.

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis. Here, the authors show that a tick secreted protein (PIXR) modulates the tick gut microbiota and facilitates B. burgdorferi colonization.

Neutralizing antibodies for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can reduce disease in hospitalized children, but current options show limited efficacy. Here, the authors isolate potent single-domain antibodies from llamas that recognize the prefusion conformation of RSV F and prevent RSV replication in mice.

A compound derived from a structure-based screen binds to an allosteric site that includes residues of both the helicase and protease domains of HCV NS3, stabilizing an inactive conformation and inhibiting viral replication.

Co-indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes is extended to the spatial dimension with large protein panels.

Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination can be induced by the secreted factors BAFF and APRIL. Cerutti and colleagues show that the receptor TACI conveys such signals via the adaptor MyD88 to induce class-switch recombination.

The authors show G protein subtype selectivity at the β₁-adrenergic receptor is driven by the binding kinetics of ternary complex formation. Bound to G protein, the receptor adopts conformations that differ from its agonist-bound solution states.

The long-term efficacy of biochar as a means of increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) remains underexplored. Research now shows that 8.5 years after biochar was added to a subtropical soil the formation of microaggregates stabilized and increased SOC.

Shifting from cattle farming to camels and goats could deliver more sustainable milk production under climate-change-induced heat stress and resource scarcity in the drylands of north sub-Saharan Africa.

A bulky residue in the stem domain of the influenza virus H2 hemagglutinin appears pivotal in eliciting broadly cross-reactive antibodies capable of recognizing diverse group 1 influenza subtypes and is informative for universal influenza vaccine development.

Genetic and testing data from England show that the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 has a transmission advantage over other lineages.

Highly accurate antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 are needed for surveillance in low-prevalence populations. Here, the authors find seroprevalence of less than 1% in two San Francisco Bay Area populations at the beginning of April, and that seroreactivity is generally predictive of in vitro neutralising activity.

Animal models that fully recapitulate human CCM pathogenesis are not currently available. Here, the authors establish a novel CCM model and reveal that caveolae-Tie2 signaling is involved in CCMs formation at the level of venules, which is accompanied by gradual dissociation of pericytes.

Analysis of live-cell imaging and single-cell genome sequencing data of colorectal cancer organoids identifies temporal dynamics of sub-chromosomal copy-number amplifications.

The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 can be neutralized by convalescent sera or sera from vaccinated individuals, whereas the B.1.351 variant is resistant to neutralization by these sera and by several monoclonal antibodies that are in clinical use.

The cellular organelles peroxisomes contribute to the sensitivity of cells to ferroptosis by synthesizing polyunsaturated ether phospholipids, and changes in the abundances of these lipids are associated with altered sensitivity to ferroptosis during cell-state transitions.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Enzyme-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly has been used to generate various biomimetic structures. Now, myoglobin’s activity is used for biocatalytic polymerization-induced self-assembly to generate vesicular artificial cells. As various cargoes can be encapsulated during polymerization, these artificial cells are capable of protein expression and can act as microreactors for distinct enzymatic reactions.

Injection of donor apoptotic cells induces graft tolerance in mice. Here the authors combine this approach with short immunosuppressive therapy to achieve long-term tolerance to allogeneic islets and restoration of normoglycemia in diabetic nonhuman primates, and delineate cellular and molecular correlates of tolerance induction.

T cell development requires functionally diverse thymic epithelial cell (TEC) populations performing specific functions. Here, using massively parallel flow cytometry and machine learning, the authors examine in mice the TEC compartment from the perinatal period to adulthood, identify novel phenotypic markers and characterize the function of perinatal cortical TEC.

Integrative analysis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma uncovers that biallelic mutations on TMEM30A are associated with a favorable outcome and enhanced sensitivity to CD47 blockade.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a leading genetic cause of end-stage renal disease with limited treatment options. Here the authors discover and characterize a microRNA inhibitor as a potential treatment for ADPKD.

Characterization of a cohort of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection provides insights into the immunopathogenic features of the disease.

PAV-104, a small molecule, potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells by disrupting viral particle assembly and release. These findings suggest that PAV-104 holds significant promise as a therapeutic for COVID-19.

Rare example of skeletal dysplasia in a wild animal, the CIA scientist who focused spy satellites onto nature and how a Senate shift will affect science in the United States.

The Toll receptor superfamily has a role in innate immunity that arose early in evolution. Here the authors show that in fruit flies, Toll-6 and Toll-7 function in the CNS as receptors for the fly neurotrophins DNT1 and DNT2.

Urolithins are microbial metabolites derived from food polyphenols. Here, Singh et al. show that urolithin A and a synthetic analogue enhance gut barrier function via Nrf2-dependent pathways and mitigate inflammation and colitis in mice, highlighting a potential application for inflammatory bowel diseases.

The plasma absorption effect is demonstrated to enhance the performance of silicon ring modulators.

The protein VASP can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation. The interplay between the surface tension of the VASP droplet and actin polymerization controls the bundling of actin filaments, a necessary step for many cellular processes.

A peptide-based fluorescent inhibitor of the dimerization of an oncoprotein of the Epstein–Barr virus blocks the proliferation of tumours associated with the virus in mice.

Yanick Crow and colleagues report that biallelic mutations in SNORD118, which encodes the box C/D snoRNA U8, cause the cerebral microangiopathy leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts. The mutations affect U8 expression, processing and protein binding and suggest a role for this snoRNA in cerebral vascular homeostasis.

Nonsignaling chemokine receptors are thought to function as chemokine 'decoys'. Rot and colleagues now show that the nonsignaling chemokine receptor DARC functions to unidirectionally transport inflammatory chemokines toward apical endothelial surfaces.