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A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Materials with opposite signs of permittivity along the two orthogonal directions can support hyperbolic polaritons. Here, the authors demonstrate tunable broadband near-infrared hyperbolic plasmon polaritons in MoOCl₂.

By employing a high spatial-resolved photoemission electron microscopy, we demonstrate near-field imaging and characterization of ultra-confined optical near fields in nanoslits with weak disturbance.

EviDTI introduces an evidential deep learning framework for drug-target interaction prediction, providing reliable uncertainty estimates to prioritize high-confidence predictions. It identifies potential tyrosine kinase modulators, thereby improving the efficiency of drug discovery.

Berry curvature, which features in the imaginary part of the quantum geometry, is now well known for driving non-linear responses in Weyl semimetals. Here, Yu et al. show how the real component of the quantum geometry, the quantum metric, leads to a room temperature third order non-linear hall effect in Fe₅GeTe₂.

The application of time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (TR-PEEM) to non-conducting materials is challenging. Here, the authors report the TR-PEEM characterization of near-field dielectric modes and photoemission properties of insulating hexagonal boron nitride structures on indium tin oxide/glass substrates.

A graph-based peanut pangenome constructed using 6 newly assembled and 2 previously published genomes and 269 resequenced accessions highlights the contribution of structural variants to pod size.

Altermagnets combine the rapid dynamics and zero magnetization of collinear antiferromagnets with the spin-splitting of ferromagnets, making them an idea platform for both fundamental research and applications. Here, Yang, Li and coauthors map the large altermagnetic spin-splitting in CrSb located near the Fermi level.

Despite great success in generation of ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) by suppressing non-radiative transitions through attractive interactions, consideration of repulsive interactions on UOP remains largely unexplored. Here, the authors introduce carboxyl groups into organic phosphors, enabling formation of the intense repulsive interactions between the isolated molecules and the matrix in rigid environment.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) is a neurotransmitter receptor receiving signals from the central nervous system. Here authors show a non-neuronal, tumour-autonomous role for mGluR4 in suppressing dendritic cell maturation and function in multiple murine cancers, and that inhibiting mGluR4 chemically by Forskolin or via genomic deletion enhances the immune response against tumours.

Here, the authors identify human Gαi protein as an intracellular pH sensor. The Gαi subunit undergoes a disorder to order transition as pH is increased over the intracellular pH range, which modulates agonist mediated Gβγ dissociation from the Gαi-Gβγ complex.

Understanding biological mechanisms requires a thorough exploration of spatiotemporal transcriptional patterns in complex tissues. Here, authors present PROST to quantify spatial gene expression patterns and detect spatial domains using spatial transcriptomics data of varying resolutions.

Lanthanide-doped inorganic nanocrystals are promising for optical imaging and biomedical applications. Here authors show that interstitial H⁺ doping-induced crystal-field perturbation enhances the photoluminescence intensity of lanthanide-doped inorganic nanocrystals.

Conventional X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy usually requires heavy-metal-containing inorganic scintillators and organic photosensitizers to generate singlet oxygen. Here, the authors develop an organic phosphorescent nanoscintillator for low-dose X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy of deep tumours.

The inefficient spin-flip process of multi-resonance emitters could compromise the device performance of light-emitting diodes. Here, the authors incorporate conformationally flexible donor to enhance the density of excited states, achieving 20-fold increase in reverse intersystem crossing rate.

Naturally occurring hyperbolic polaritons exist in a class of layered materials. Here, the authors show evidence, via optical spectroscopy, of hyperbolic exciton-polaritons in phosphorene, originating from its in-plane anisotropy and strong exciton resonances.

Aging-related intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of lower back pain. Here, the authors perform scRNA-seq analysis of intervertebral disc cells from patients, and identify cell populations and mechanisms associated with IVDD.

Combining standard 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy with immune checkpoints inhibitors has shown to improve survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however increased toxicities have also been reported. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 trial of sintilimab (anti-PD1) with two cycles of chemotherapy for treatment of previously untreated advanced squamous NSCLC.

Bennett and colleagues find that auxin modulates water uptake in Arabidopsis roots by negatively regulating the expression of water channel aquaporins to allow lateral root emergence. The functional importance of aquaporins is supported by a mathematical model that shows delayed lateral root emergence when aquaporin levels are perturbed, as well as by the effects observed after aquaporin overexpression or mutation.

The origin and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are still poorly understood. Here, the authors analyse LUAD composition and progression in patient samples using single-cell RNA-seq and multiplex imaging, revealing a potential transcriptional divergence from alveolar type 2 cells.

Cancer cell-derived small extracellular vesicles bind to therapeutic nanoparticles leading them from tumours to the liver for degradation. This mechanism is another barrier for the development of efficient nanoparticle-based cancer therapies.

While photocatalysis offers a means to store solar energy as chemical fuels, photocatalysts typically require crystalline structures and expensive noble-metal cocatalysts. Here, authors prepare 2D amorphous nano-nickel oxide capable of plasmonic, photodriven H₂ evolution without cocatalysts.

Here, the authors report large photothermal nonlinearity mediated by anapole states within subwavelength Si nanodisks, offering a mechanism for dynamic tuning of far-field radiation from multipolar modes. Nonlinear scattering is used to demonstrate the potential for far-field optical localization of Si nanostructures.

The development of robust catalysts that could work under industrial-scale current densities is a challenge for hydrogen production. Here, the authors report an in-situ activation method to produce ferromagnetic Ru clusters that can catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction at high current densities.

Elevated expression of ULK1 is known to be inversely correlated with breast cancer metastasis. Here, the authors report Exo70 as a substrate of ULK1 that suppresses cancer metastasis, and show that ERK1/2 mediated phosphorylation of Exo70 leads to opposing effects on tumour cell invasion.

Conjugates of small-molecule anticancer drugs with a polyzwitterion that has negligible interaction with proteins and a weak interaction with phospholipids eradicate large tumours and patient-derived tumour xenografts in mice.

Topological quantum materials host protected, high-mobility surface states which can be used for energy conversion and storage. This Perspective discusses recent progress in using topological materials for water splitting, batteries and supercapacitors.

Wu et al. investigate the association between flooding exposure and incident dementia using conditional logistic regression models. Flooding exposure is linked to an elevated risk of incident dementia, with significant variations observed across age groups and between sexes.