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The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

A study examines the effects of mutations that occur naturally in T cell cancers, reporting that such mutations can potentially be exploited to increase the potency of T cell therapies.

Peripheral macrophage-like haemocytes in Drosophila promote sleep by clearing lipid buildup in the brain, helping to maintain metabolic homeostasis and brain function and fitness.

Remote sensed information and population data for continental Africa are used to assess how migration acts as an adaptation response after drought event. The effect on mobility is amplified with drought frequency and poverty.

Polyamides (PAs) or nylons are types of plastics with wide applications, but due to their accumulation in the environment, strategies for their deconstruction are of interest. Here, the authors screen 40 potential nylon-hydrolyzing enzymes (nylonases) using a mass spectrometry-based approach and identify a thermostabilized N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase as the most promising for further development, as well as crucial targets for progressing PA6 enzymatic depolymerization.

Voluntary deference to prestigious individuals is a unique feature of human social life. Here, the authors show that human prestige psychology can promote marked-yet-adaptive inequalities in influence while remaining non-coercive.

While the photoreceptor outer segments in the bird outer retina have access to oxygen, the inner retina operates under chronic anoxia, supported by anaerobic glycolysis in the retinal neurons.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

A distinctive population with high hunter-gatherer ancestry persisted 3,000 years later than in most European regions, contributing to later Lower Rhine–Meuse Bell Beaker users.

Limiting phosphate concentrations could be a strategy to protect and sequester carbon dioxide as fucoidan, a polysaccharide produced by marine algae.

Decentralized natural resource governance is thought to aid conservation and reduce poverty, but its heterogeneous local effects are under-explored. A study in Nepal shows that forest governance decentralization reduces poverty but the benefits are greater for dominant ethnic and caste groups compared with minority ones.

Navigational affordances describe our ability to identify routes of egress within scenes. Here, the authors show that this process likely occurs in early dorsal visual cortex and that such navigational affordances can emerge following brief presentation times.

This work presents a global wind power simulation tool that uses high-resolution data and extensive validation to improve accuracy. It corrects wind speed biases and validates against real-world data, enhancing reliability for wind energy assessments across various scales and regions.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Here, the genome sequence of the tiger tail seahorse is reported and comparative genomic analyses with other ray-finned fishes are used to explore the genetic basis of the unique morphology and reproductive system of the seahorse.

The authors report on imaging developments of solid-density plasmas and the current filamentation instability by means of the LCLS-XFEL at SLAC. This offers insights on the instability in the solid density region, stimulating new modelling of laser-solid interactions.

Language is often thought to be represented through hierarchically structured units. Nielsen and Christiansen find that non-hierarchical structures are present across reaction-time tasks, eye-tracked reading and natural conversation.

In a randomized controlled trial that included 97 participants, 69% patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) allocated to a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) achieved clinical response, and over 60% reached remission, outperforming the control group. The FMD also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation, suggesting this dietary intervention could serve as adjunctive treatment for CD.

Here, a combination of forward genetics and genome-wide association analyses has been used to show that variation at a single genetic locus in Arabidopsis thaliana underlies phenotypic variation in vegetative growth as well as resistance to infection. The strong enhancement of resistance mediated by one of the alleles at this locus explains the allele's persistence in natural populations throughout the world, even though it drastically reduces the production of new leaves.

Merlino et al. demonstrate that the cytokine Interleukin-27 contributes to innate antiviral immunity in the placenta and is an important defense against congenital Zika virus infection.

MMCLKin is a multimodal and multiscale contrastive learning framework for kinase-inhibitor affinity prediction, kinase inhibitor selectivity profiling, virtual screening for known, unknown, and mutated kinases, and interpretable analysis.

Here the authors report that some aspects of clinical heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes vary across populations. Using a deep-learning–based tree model built from over 32,000 patients, they document disease patterns and risks specific for the Chinese population, potentially enabling more precise prediction and personalized care.

How attention facilitates complex decisions requiring the consideration of multiple options with multiple attributes remains unclear. Here, the authors found that the brain represents multiple options simultaneously and that attention modulates the representation of their value.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

The evolutionary dynamics of aneuploidy in solid tumors are challenging to study. Here the authors introduce a method, ALFA-K, which estimates karyotype fitness and predicts emergent karyotypes before experimental detection, and test its performance on synthetic and empirical data.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) reversibly modifies low molecular weight and protein thiols to form persulfides (RSS⁻) and polysulfides (RS(S)nS⁻) for antioxidant defence and regulation of activity. Here, the authors report a sensitive LC-MS/MS procedure that separately traps and quantifies the sulfur atom of H₂S, the terminal sulfur atom of RSS and RS(S)nS-, and the internal sulfur atoms of RS(S)nS ⁻ as diagnostic products in biological samples.

Drug combination discovery remains slow and challenging. Here, the authors introduce Combocat, an open-source framework that combines acoustic liquid handling protocols with machine learning to achieve ultrahigh-throughput drug combination screening; as proof of concept, they use Combocat to screen 9,045 drug combinations in a neuroblastoma cell line.

The authors report an integrated triply-resonant superconducting electro-optic transducer combining a 107 GHz NbTiN resonator with a thin-film lithium niobate optical racetrack at telecom wavelengths. Achieving η_OE ≈ 0.82 × 10⁻⁶ and g₀/2π ≈ 0.7 kHz, this work analyzes mm-wave resonator design challenges and proposes strategies for improved quantum transduction.

This work presents a unified MS/MS spectral library of drugs and metabolites integrated with standardized pharmacologic metadata, enabling scalable, individualized profiling of drug exposure and metabolism directly from untargeted metabolomics data.

Nuclear envelope (NE) rupture triggers cancer genome instability and inflammation, but mechanisms of NE repair are unclear. Here, the authors map the NE repairome and identify LRRC59 and KPNB1 as a key regulatory axis to restrain NE repair activity.

Metabolite signatures were identified for subtypes of dietary carbohydrate, including added sugar, whole grain and refined grain, and showed different associations with type 2 diabetes, providing an objective measure of dietary risk.

An analysis of 204 countries estimates that diabetes will cost the global economy $10.2 trillion between the years 2020 and 2050.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have highly diverse and branched structures that present a significant challenge for chemical synthesis. Here, the author reports that masking the amino group in glucosamine with a p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (pNZ) group enhances coupling and deprotection efficiency during the automated glycan assembly (AGA) of homogeneous HMOs.

The anti-tuberculosis drug bedaquiline targets ATP synthase, but there is controversy about the precise mechanisms leading to mycobacterial death. Here, the authors show that the apparent ‘uncoupling’ activity of bedaquiline is, in fact, a redirection of electron flux to the CydAB oxidase, induced to mitigate the deleterious consequences of ATP synthase inhibition.

Authors present epigenomic, cytological, and transcriptomic evidence of a two-fold increase in transcriptome size during cotyledon photomorphogenesis, providing a paradigm shift in the study of genome regulation during plant cellular transitions.

Druckman et al. document gaps in trust in scientists in the USA. People from groups less represented among scientists (for example, women and those with lower economic status) are less trusting. Increasing the representation of these groups within science increases trust.

Premenopausal women aged <40 years diagnosed with oestrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer have disproportionately poorer outcomes relative to older women. The authors of this Review propose a biology-driven approach to challenge the conventional sequencing of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in this population.

Confidence is key to decision-making, but the dynamics of confidence formation remain elusive. We show that neural populations in parietal cortex reflect the parallel processes of forming a decision and confidence in the decision.

A multipass optical parametric amplifier leverages dispersion-engineered dielectric mirrors to overcome the gain versus bandwidth trade-off and achieve broadband amplification with high gain within a compact device.

In this work, fragments identified by 19F-NMR are optimized into submicromolar binders of the MITF transcription factor. These results support direct targeting of bHLH-LZ DNA binding domains and provide a foundation for the development of new melanoma therapies.

Submillimetre surveys have discovered a population of luminous, high-redshift, dusty starburst galaxies, which go through a phase of very rapid star formation, resulting in approximately equal extragalactic optical and far infrared backgrounds (FIRB). Devlin et al. report an extragalactic survey at 250, 350 and 500 µm; they determine that all of the FIRB comes from individual galaxies, with galaxies at redshift z ≥ 1.2 accounting for 70 per cent of it.

Like cells in a body, social insects cooperate to maintain colony health. This study reveals that ants have evolved a chemical signalling system that alerts nestmates when their own immunity is insufficient to overcome infection, enabling efficient colony-level disease defence.