The force experienced by a charged particle in an oscillating electric field is proportional to the cycle-averaged intensity gradient. This 'ponderomotive' force plays a major part in a variety of physical situations. Extremely strong kinematic forces are now observed on neutral atoms in short-pulse laser fields; the ponderomotive force on electrons is identified as the driving mechanism, leading to probably the highest observed acceleration on neutral atoms in an external field to date.
- U. Eichmann
- T. Nubbemeyer
- W. Sandner
