Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the relapsing–remitting stage of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the disease processes that drive progressive MS remain largely unresolved. In this Review, Lassmann and colleagues explore the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiology of progressive MS, and present a pathogenetic concept for this phase of the disease that involves oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury.
- Hans Lassmann
- Jack van Horssen
- Don Mahad
