Search

Breeding crops with delayed senescence could plausibly increase grain yield. Here the authors show that variation at the rice SGR locus contributes to differences in senescence between indica and japonica subspecies and show that introgression can increase yield in an elite indica rice variety.

Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.

Certain RIFINs from Plasmodium falciparum can bind to both inhibitory (KIR2DL1) and activating (KIR2DS1) immune receptors on natural killer cells, demonstrating the potential role of activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors in targeting pathogens and controlling malaria infection.

Prediction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation using complex cloud-resolving models has been limited by computational power. Here, Miyakawa et al.run a series of simulations using the newly developed 10 peta-flop ‘K computer’ and demonstrate a Madden–Julian Oscillation predictive window of 27 days.

Studying quantum phase transitions at oxide interfaces provide a key to understand emergent two-dimensional (2D) superconductivity. Here, Chen et al. report comprehensive electronic phase diagram of the 2D electron system at the superconducting LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interface with independent control of carrier density and disorder.

A trial that used a master randomized design found that the skills commonly found in smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy, when tested alone or in combination with behavioral activation, were differentially efficacious in improving mental health symptoms in adults with subthreshold depression.

Replacing carbon atoms in nanocarbons with heteroatoms alters their intrinsic properties, and nitrogen-doped nanocarbons attract much attention in various fields. Here, the authors synthesize a discrete nitrogen-doped nanotube molecule and clarify its structure to reveal unique features of nitrogen dopants.

Synaptic organizers are cell-adhesion molecules capable of inducing synaptic differentiation through transsynaptic interactions. Here the authors present the crystal structure of the intracellular interaction between the synaptic organizer PTPδ and Liprin-α to reveal the structural mechanism of intracellular molecular interactions for IIa-RPTP-mediated synapse formation.

Zhong et al. find that SERRATE (SE) regulates the m⁶A methyltransferase complex (MTC) to control m⁶A deposition, and show cross-regulation between the MTC and the SE-mediated microprocessor governs miRNA production in Arabidopsis.

Elimination of regulatory T cells via the anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody, mogamulizumab, is expected to augment anti-tumour immune response. Authors show here that although regulatory T cell targeting is successful, clinical improvement remains minimal in patients with solid tumours due to concomitant and unintended depletion of central memory CD8⁺ T cells.

In humans, conception during cold seasons is shown to exhibit higher brown adipose tissue activity and adaptive thermogenesis, and lower body mass index and visceral fat accumulation in the offspring.

All-optical switching with a switching energy of 35 fJ and a switching time of 260 fs is reported in a nanoscale integrated optical circuit.

Jacobsen and colleagues elucidate the nonhierarchical relationship between two types of stem cells: Vwf⁻ hematopoietic stem cells that stably replenish all blood cell lineages without a platelet bias, and Vwf⁺ stem cells that replenish almost exclusively platelets, and demonstrate that the two types utilize cellularly and molecularly distinct progenitor trajectories for replenishment of platelets.

A single-cell genome-wide DNA replication atlas of pre-implantation mouse embryos reveals an abrupt replication program switch accompanied by a transient period of genomic instability.

Knockout studies using CRISPR–Cas9 identify PCDH10 as a selective host cellular receptor for western equine encephalitis virus.

Federated learning, a method for training artificial intelligence algorithms that protects data privacy, was used to predict future oxygen requirements of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 using data from 20 different institutes across the globe.

The asteroid Ryugu experienced aqueous alteration under changing temperature and redox conditions, according to an isotopic analysis of secondary calcite and dolomite grains in samples from Ryugu obtained by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.

Chromosome-wide late replication is an enigmatic hallmark of the inactive X. Here, the authors combined scRepli-seq and 4C-seq to reveal its layered 3D architecture, which could explain local differences in heterochromatin stability.

Cryo-electron structures of the hepatitis B virus receptor NTCP show a distinct membrane topology compared with other SLC10 proteins, but a common bile acid transport mechanism that is shared with related mammalian and bacterial proteins.

The structure of a RIFIN–LILRB1 complex reveals that a subset of RIFINs of Plasmodium falciparum mimics the binding mode of the natural ligand of human LILRB1 and suppress the function of natural killer cells in humans.

The structural analysis of small crystals has remained challenging. Now, the structure of a small organic molecule, rhodamine-6G, has been resolved from microcrystals using an X-ray free-electron laser and electron diffraction. The former showed better reliability for atomic coordinates, whereas the latter was more sensitive to charges; both techniques accurately determined the position of hydrogen atoms.

scRepli-seq measures DNA replication timing in single cells on the basis of copy number. Applying haplotype-resolved scRepli-seq to mESCs establishes basic principles of replication-timing conservation and heterogeneity among populations of cells.

Fly Dicer-2 is thought to use two distinct – processive or distributive – modes of cleavage by distinguishing the terminal structures of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates with the help of its cofactor LoquaciousPD (Loqs-PD). Here the authors show by single-molecule imaging that dsRNA terminal structures and Loqs-PD change the probability for Dicer to initiate processive cleavage but not the mode of cleavage action per se.

This study examines the biogeography and functional gene repertoires of marine eukaryote-infecting large and giant DNA viruses. It shows a clear divide in the viral communities between polar and nonpolar environments, with recurrent evolutionary adaptations to the polar environment likely driven by alterations of their genomic functions.

A comparison of copper and zinc isotopic measurements between the Ryugu samples and various carbonaceous chondrites excludes any genetic link between the two except for the CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites. Ryugu-like material might have accounted for ~5% of Earth’s mass.

Bifidobacterium bifidum is a member of the human gut microbiome. A new report demonstrates that it can degrade sulfated mucin O-glycans in vivo, and a GH20 sulfoglycosidase possessing a novel GlcNAc-6S-specific carbohydrate-binding module plays a pivotal role.

Episodic or declarative memory is thought to be encoded in the ensemble firing of spatially distributed neurons. Here the authors use high-density electrical recordings to show that some areas in the primate temporal cortex develop patterns of theta activity that are similar for pairs of remembered objects.

The tumour suppressor APC is a multifunctional protein implicated in intracellular localization of mRNAs and WNT signalling. Here, Miyakawaet al. show that, via interaction with the HIV Gag precursor protein, APC promotes membrane targeting of viral components and cell-to-cell spread of HIV.

Alpha particle clustering plays a significant role in lighter nuclei. Here the authors study the exotic 5α gas-like clustering state of ²⁰Ne, that is 5α condensate state.

Fenestranes, in which four rings share one carbon atom, have garnered much attention because of their flattened quaternary carbon centers. Here, the authors report one-step syntheses of diaza-dioxa-fenestranes via the sequential (3 + 2) cycloadditions.

In this study the authors identify a possible link between the gene FAM222A and brain atrophy. The protein it encodes is found to accumulate in plaques seen in Alzheimer’s disease, and functional analysis suggests it interacts with amyloid-beta.

Transition metal kagome compounds have been shown to host flat bands in their bulk electronic spectrum. Here, using planar tunnelling spectroscopy supported by first-principles calculations, the authors report the signature of a novel type of flat band at the surface of antiferromagnetic kagome metal FeSn.

Muscle regeneration requires the contribution and communication of various different cell types. Here, Nawaz et al. show that CD206+ macrophages inhibit the secretion of the promyogenic factor follistatin by fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, impeding myogenesis and muscle regeneration.

Symbiotic bacteria are able to interfere with host reproduction in ways that are detrimental to the host organism. Here the authors show that Spiroplasma induces DNA damage on the male X chromosome in Drosophila, causing sex-specific apoptosis.