We report a new anode material that has multifunction of both an anode and a hole injection layer (HIL) as a single layer. Our anode has easy work function tunability up to 5.8 eV and thus makes ohmic contact without any HIL. We applied our anodes to simplified organic light-emitting diodes, resulting in high efficiency (62% ph el−1 for single and 88% ph el−1 for tandem). Our anode showed a similar tendency in simplified perovskite light-emitting diodes. We also demonstrated large-area flexible lightings using our anodes. Our results provide a significant step toward the next generation of high-performance simplified light-emitting diodes.
- Su-Hun Jeong
- Seong-Hoon Woo
- Tae-Woo Lee