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Renal cell carcinoma consists of several subtypes, and recurrence is highly dependent on subtype. Here, the authors develop a multi-classifier using imaging, lncRNA and clinical data to predict recurrence in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

The dorsal peduncular area of the mouse brain functions as a network hub that integrates diverse cortical and thalamic inputs to regulate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.

Using molecular markers is a useful way to predict the prognosis of cancer patients. Here, Wei et al.describe a five gene methylation signature that can predict the prognosis of renal clear cell cancer and validate its use in multiple patient cohorts.

Neural networks fundamentally dictate function. Here, the authors show thirteen uniquely connected neuron populations within the anterior thalamic nuclei, suggesting multiple parallel subnetworks support its emotional and cognitive functions.

Here the authors show that PD-1 controls coinhibitory receptor expression by T_reg cells. The absence of PD-1 expression could induce CD30 expression, thereby enhancing T_reg function and tumor escape, suggesting that CD30 might be a therapeutic target in cases of anti-PD-1 resistance.

A stereotaxic atlas of the whole mouse brain, based on a Nissl-stained cytoarchitecture dataset with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography, promises to be a versatile brainsmatics tool for studying the whole brain at single-cell level.

Anagrelide, nauclefine and DNMDP induce apoptosis by forming complexes with phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and Schlafen 12 protein (SLFN12). Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structures of PDE3A-SLFN12 complexes with these compounds as molecular glues. Based on the complex structure, they developed an anagrelide analog that shows a higher potency in inducing apoptosis in cultured cells and also promotes tumor growth inhibition in tumor xenografts, which is of interest for cancer drug development.

Air-water interface hinders cryo-EM reconstruction and achievable resolution. Here, a superstructure called GSAMs is developed to alleviate the air-water interface effect and improve the efficiency of cryo-EM analysis.

Triboelectric nanogenerators have shown promising potential towards self-powered wearable electronics and devices. Here, authors introduce topological insulators to enrich the current triboelectric family of materials and sensing technologies.

The gut commensal Christensenalla minuta produces a previously undescribed class of secondary bile acids that counteract features of metabolic disease and are depleted in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The ESCRT-III and Vps4 complexes mediate a variety of membrane remodelling events. Here the authors describe the structure of the Vps4 hexamer complexed to its cofactor Vta1, and show that Vta1 bridges adjacent Vps4 subunits to promote formation of the active hexamer during ESCRT-III filament disassembly.

Tuoqi Wu and colleagues show that the transcriptional repressor BACH2 is required early after chronic viral infection to enforce a stem-like fate in activated CD8⁺ T cells. BACH2 acts to suppress genes that lead to the exhausted cell state.

Multi-modal analysis is used to generate a 3D atlas of the upper limb area of the mouse primary motor cortex, providing a framework for future studies of motor control circuitry.

This work reveals structures of biotin-dependent carboxylases in different states, provides notable insight into their catalytic mechanism and may help the development of new drugs for the treatment of related diseases.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.

ESI-cryoPrep is a cryo-EM specimen preparation method that employs electrospray ionization techniques to deposit charged macromolecule-containing droplets on EM grids. Demonstrated across various protein samples, this approach effectively prevents biomolecule adsorption at air–water or graphene–water interfaces, addressing challenges related to protein denaturation and preferred orientation.

Long-lived, self-renewing ‘progenitor-like’ CD8⁺ T cells can arise during chronic viral infection or in cancer. Wu and colleagues identify the transcription factor TOX as essential to endow ‘stemness’ and long-term persistence in the face of chronic infection.

T_reg cells are essential for enforcing peripheral tolerance but can also influence tissue regeneration. Afzali and colleagues use high-dimensional analysis to describe a distinct population of CD161⁺ human T_reg cells involved in wound healing of the intestinal mucosa.

A cryo-EM structure of the GPCR α_2B adrenergic receptor (α_2BAR) in complex with the selective agonist dexmedetomidine and the G protein Go suggests a mechanism of selective activation and provides insights into G-protein coupling activity.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

Here, the authors established and characterized the mouse gut microbial biobank (mGMB), which includes 244 strains and 126 species that enlarges previous mouse intestinal bacterial collections and represents a resource for studies using mouse models to investigate microbiome-associated health and disease.

Prostate cancer (PrCa) involves a large heritable genetic component. Here, the authors perform multivariate fine-mapping of known PrCa GWAS loci, identifying variants enriched for biological function, explaining more familial relative risk, and with potential application in clinical risk profiling.

In situ structures of PBS–PSII–PSI–LHC megacomplexes from the alga P. purpureum at near-atomic resolution using cryogenic-electron tomography and in situ single-particle analysis are reported, providing interaction details between PBS, PSII and PSI.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

García-Prat, Perdiguero, Alonso-Martín et al. show that skeletal muscle contains a subpopulation of quiescent stem cells, maintained by FoxO signalling, that is preserved into late life but declines in advanced geriatric age.

Genomic analysis of allo-tetraploid common carp and goldfish identifies parallel subgenome structure and divergent expression processes.

High-resolution electron microscopy requires robust and noise-free substrates to support the specimens. Here, the authors present a polymer- and transfer-free direct-etching method for fabrication of graphene grids with ultraclean surfaces and demonstrate cryo-EM at record high resolution.

BRD4, a key target of the clinically relevant BET inhibitor JQ1, thought to function by releasing Pol II from promoter-proximal pausing, is shown to promote Pol II elongation by acting as a histone chaperone.

Loss of IL-2 signaling results in autoimmunity. Laurence and colleagues show that the IL-2–STAT5 axis counteracts STAT3 activation of Il17 to dampen IL-17 production independently of Foxp3.

Brassinosteroids trigger a receptor kinase-mediated signalling pathway to modulate plant development through the dephosphorylation of the BZR transcription factors, which are normally kept inactive by the kinase BIN2. The phosphatase PP2A is now found to be responsible for the dephosphorylation of BZR to trigger the signalling cascade.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of prostate cancer performed in 156,319 cases and 788,443 controls identifies 187 novel risk variants associated with the disease. Genetic risk scores associated with overall risk, and risk of aggressive disease in men of African ancestry.

After autophagic cargo degradation, autolysosomes undergo a reformation process to recycle lysosomal membrane components. Here, Dai et al. demonstrate that the actin nucleation promoting factor WHAMM is required for autolysosome reformation by providing an actin scaffold to drive tubulation.

Immunoglobulin genes are prominent targets of the deaminase AID. Casellas and Nussenzweig and co-workers show that whereas stalled polymerases recruit AID across the B cell genome, efficient hypermutation is restricted to immunoglobulin loci by the RPA cofactor of AID.

BACH2 is required for lymphocyte differentiation. Afzali et al. describe mutations that cause BACH2 disruption, immunodeficiency and autoinflammatory disease via haploinsufficiency, a mechanism shared by other super-enhancer-regulated genes.

A polymeric protein complex consisting of a newly identified magnetoreceptor protein and known magnetoreception-related photoreceptor cryptochromes exhibits spontaneous alignment in magnetic fields.

Chromosome 8q24 is known to be a major susceptibility region for prostate cancer risk. Here the authors analyze genetic data across the 8q24 region from 71,535 prostate cancer patients identifying 12 risk loci, three previously unreported, highlighting the contribution of germline variation at this locus.

By bridging topology with nanophotonics, we realize on-chip topological 3-dB couplers with the superiority on the broad bandwidth of 48 nm and the tolerance against dimensional errors of 20 nm.

A large meta-analysis combining genome-wide and custom high-density genotyping array data identifies 63 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer, enhancing fine-mapping efforts and providing insights into the underlying biology.