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A hybrid cathode interfacial layer (AZnO-F3N) is developed, delivering 21.0% efficiency along with excellent stability, mechanical robustness and broad versatility, highlighting its potential to advance organic solar cells.

The immune response involves multiple cell state transitions and complex gene expression changes. Here, the authors establish scIVNL-seq to survey time-resolved RNA dynamics of immune cells during Salmonella infection, revealing distinct RNA control strategies and cell activation patterns underlying immune responses.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Conventional iridium catalysts suffer from instability due to surface amorphization into hydrous IrOx phase during reaction. Here, the authors report how a TiOx@Ti support transforms iridium nanoparticles into stable crystalline IrO2, enabling both high activity and durability in water electrolyzers.

In this study, Yang et al. compile a global dataset to uncover the degree to which plants coordinate root and seed traits. They report a global positive correlation between root diameter and seed size, driven by dual roles of arbuscular mycorrhiza in phosphorus uptake and pathogen defence.

A combination of large-scale phylogenomic analysis, mouse lethality experiments and bacterial growth assays shows that gene loss in the putrescine utilization pathway has enhanced biofilm formation and transmission-related characteristics in the pandemic clone of a bacterial pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, promoting successive waves of global transmission events.

The endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) plays a crucial role in calcium signaling, but there are few methods capable of efficiently capturing ER/SR Ca²⁺ dynamics. Here authors develop a set of genetically encoded indicators enabling ratiometric super-resolution imaging and detection of elementary Ca²⁺ release in cardiomyocytes.

PINK1/Parkin-mediated ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy is a key regulator of browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Here, the authors report that PNPLA7, an Endoplasmic Reticulum and mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) protein, inhibits browning of iWAT by promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy upon cold challenge or adrenergic receptor agonist treatment.

Tergaonkar and colleagues identify a noncanonical interaction between the NF-κB transcription factor family member p52 and the ETS family member ETS1. They find that the p52–ETS1 complex is required for splenic germinal center B cell formation and T cell-dependent antibody responses.

The acetyltransferase cysE is involved in mitigating oxidative stress, which modulates the virulence and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis.

Single-atom catalyst design for methanol steam reforming faces stability and activity hurdles. Here, Cd atoms anchored at anatase-rutile phase interfaces achieve exceptional catalytic efficiency, low CO production, and scalable hydrogen generation.

Li and colleagues report that a septo-enteric polysynaptic circuit that is activated by chronic stress links the brain to the tumor microenvironment to promote colorectal cancer growth.

This paper explores how voltage-gated potassium channels can plug the pore to prevent the conductance of ions during inactivation.

High-entropy nanocarbides (HENCs) containing 5–22 metal elements are synthesized through a nanoconfined impulse synthetic strategy enabled by Joule heating-induced in situ reactions in carbon nanotube films. These HENCs exhibit multi-element effects and enhanced electrocatalytic activities due to their nanoscale size and modified catalytic sites.

Inspired by fish sensory systems, the authors develop a 3D-nanoprinted optical neuromast that enables sensitive, multifunctional underwater detection and communication, opening pathways for marine exploration and monitoring.

Characterization of four SALICYLIC ACID-DEFICIENT GENEs in rice identifies an ancestral pathway for biosynthesis of salicylic acid from phenylalanine and provides genetic targets for engineering disease resistance in crop plants.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The fragile network structures of eutectogels limits their technological applications. Here the authors report a variable-temperature solvent exchange strategy to fabricate mechanically robust eutectogels.

Ethanol electrosynthesis from CO reduction is achieved using an oxygen-affinity-engineered copper alloy catalyst. Unlike conventional CO dimerization pathways, which yield diverse products, this catalyst selectively promotes the CO–CH_x coupling route, enabling selective ethanol production.

Polysubstituted arenes are ubiquitous structural cores in natural products and drugs but their synthesis through programmable arene modification remains a challenge. Now, a palladium- and norbornene-catalysed Catellani-type reaction of aryl ketones, through successive acylation and deacylation, allows the synthesis of polysubstituted arenes.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Developing anti-gout medications that simultaneously reduce uric acid and exert anti-inflammatory effects is of interest for managing gout progression. Here, the authors employ a dual-target pharmacophore model to design derivatives of β-carboline-1-propionic acid and identify a drug candidate demonstrating potent uric acid-lowering activity in male hyperuricemia mouse models and mitigating NLRP3-mediated inflammation.

The mechanisms underlying the invasiveness and aggressiveness of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) remain poorly understood. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to characterise the tumour microenvironment of PitNETs and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Cationic polymers conventionally kill bacteria via physical membrane disruptions. Here, the authors report the development of carbon acid cationic polymers that show potent activity against multidrug-resistant strains in murine infection models and prevent bovine mastitis, and present evidence that these polymers translocate across bacterial membrane aided by N-heterocyclic carbene.

An estimate of water abundance in the lunar mantle indicates that the farside mantle is potentially drier than its nearside counterpart.

The PrimeGen framework is a multi-agent large language model system used to navigate intricate primer design workflows for amplicon sequencing.

This paper presents an Adaptive Learning PHysics-Assisted Light-Field Microscopy (Alpha-LFM) approach, which relies on a physics-assisted deep-learning framework and adaptive-tuning strategy capable of light-field reconstruction at sub-diffraction-limit resolution. This approach enables rapid and gentle 3D imaging of subcellular dynamics.

Microglia play a critical role in Alzheimer’s disease progression. Here, the authors show that knockout of microglial Cx43 or inhibition of Cx43 hemichannels by nanoparticle-delivered peptide mitigates cognitive deficits and neuropathology in APP/PS1 mice by inducing microglia into a neuroprotective state.

The authors identify fluctuating local polarization as a key atomistic factor behind enhanced piezoelectricity in perovskites, offering new insights into performance differences and guiding the design of next generation piezoelectric materials.

Quantum information cannot be copied, posing challenges for long-distance communication due to signal losses. Here the quantum relay architecture using a single-photon source enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum information transmission.

Obesity induces adipose stem cell (ASC) exhaustion and impairs adipose function. Here, the authors reveal that macrophages in visceral fat lose TIPE2 in obesity, which drive ASC ferroptosis via mitochondrial transfer, thereby disrupting adipose homeostasis and metabolic health.

Extreme Sr–Nd depletion in 2.8-billion-year-old basalt fragments from the lunar farside South Pole–Aitken basin suggests an ultra-depleted mantle source resulting from lunar magma ocean crystallization and/or later impact-related melt extraction.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The bacterium Lacticaseibacillus paracasei is used in the food industry and as a probiotic. Here, the authors use multi-omics and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture analyses to investigate the roles of a type of DNA methylation (N6-methyladenine modification) in this organism.