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Attitudes to high-temperature superconductivity have swung from disbelief to a conviction that it occurs only 'unconventionally'. But conventional superconductivity is now reported at record high temperatures. See Letter p.73

The doping level of cuprate superconductors is usually difficult to determine. Here, Drozdov et al. report spectroscopic studies of in-situ modified Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ, exploring not only the superconducting dome but also the previously inaccessible, non-superconducting regime of the phase diagram, with absolute determination of the doping level.

A spectroscopic study of the superconducting phase in sulfur hydride under extreme pressures is presented, revealing the energy scale for the electron–phonon interaction in this system.

The discovery of high temperature superconductivity in hydrogen-rich compounds stimulates further extensive studies. Here, the authors report superconductivity in pressurized yttrium-hydrogen system with highest predicted T_c among binary compounds.

In a quantum simulation of a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory using a superconducting quantum processor, the dynamics of strings reveal the transition from deconfined to confined excitations as the effective electric field is increased.

Characterizing the superconducting gap structure in the high-temperature superconductor H₃S by means of tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that it, as well as D₃S, has a fully gapped structure, confirming the phonon-mediated mechanism of superconducting pairing.

Colour code on a superconducting qubit quantum processor is demonstrated, reporting above-breakeven performance and logical error scaling with increased code size by a factor of 1.56 moving from distance-3 to distance-5 code.

Chemical elements at high pressure may behave more consistently with their periodic properties than they do at ambient conditions. The authors report the synthesis of PH₃ from black phosphorous and hydrogen, and the crystallization of the van der Waals compound (PH₃)₂H₂ which fills a gap in the chemistry of adjacent elements in the periodic table.

M. I. Eremets, V. S. Minkov, A. P. Drozdov and P. P. Kong discuss the substantial progress made in discovering and developing near-room-temperature superconductivity in hydrogen-rich materials. They focus on achieving reproducibility under the challenging experimental conditions of megabar pressures.

Conventional superconductivity is observed at 203 kelvin in the sulfur hydride system, well above the highest superconducting transition temperature obtained in the copper oxides, raising hopes that even higher transition temperatures will be discovered in other hydrogen-rich systems.

A hybrid analogue–digital quantum simulator is used to demonstrate beyond-classical performance in benchmarking experiments and to study thermalization phenomena in an XY quantum magnet, including the breakdown of Kibble–Zurek scaling predictions and signatures of the Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition.

Measurements of the proton’s spin structure in experiments scattering a polarized electron beam off polarized protons in regions of low momentum transfer squared test predictions from chiral effective field theory of the strong interaction.

By implementing random circuit sampling, experimental and theoretical results establish the existence of transitions to a stable, computationally complex phase that is reachable with current quantum processors.

Superconducting single-photon detectors are critical for quantum communication, fluorescence lifetime imaging and remote sensing, but commonly operate at very low temperatures. Now, high-temperature cuprate superconducting nanowires enable single-photon detection up to 25 K.

It is hoped that simulations of molecules and materials will provide a near-term application of quantum computers. A study of the performance of error mitigation highlights the obstacles to scaling up these calculations to practically useful sizes.

Genomic analysis of products of conception collected after spontaneous pregnancy loss in the first trimester reveals previously undetected chromosomal aberrations and a higher degree of mosaic chromosomal imbalances.

The progress in generating high static pressures in diamond anvil cells opens opportunities for studying novel materials with unusual properties. Here, the authors report a universal high-pressure diamond edge Raman scale up to 500 gigapascals, which does not require an additional pressure sensor.

The predicted metallization of hydrogen has long fascinated high-pressure physicists. Conductivity and spectroscopic measurements now reveal that above pressures of 350 GPa, hydrogen starts to conduct in a manner akin to a semimetal.

The discovery of a superconducting temperature of roughly 200 K in hydrogen sulfide has attracted widespread attention. Now, the crystal structure of this system is elucidated experimentally.

Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.

A unitary protocol for braiding projective non-Abelian Ising anyons in a generalized stabilizer code is implemented on a superconducting processor, allowing for verification of their fusion rules and realization of their exchange statistics.

The pairing mechanism of cuprate superconductors is still under debate. Here, Valla et al. report that mass renormalization in Bi\(_{2}\)Sr\(_{2}\)CaCu\(_{2}\)O\(_{8+\delta }\) weakens with doping and disappears precisely where superconductivity disappears, eliminating phononic mechanism for pairing.

The discovery of over 200 K superconductivity excites the community to search for room temperature superconductivity. Here, Mozaffari et al. report the temperature dependence of the upper critical fields of superconducting H₃S under a record-high combination of pressures up to 160 GPa and magnetic fields up to 65 T.

Measurement-induced phases of quantum information have been observed in a system of 70 superconducting qubits.

Regulatory B cells (Breg) are known to suppress immune responses by secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here the authors show that, alternatively, Bregs may also present lipid antigens on surface CD1d to induce IFN-γ production from invariant natural killer cells to ameliorate experimental arthritis via IL-10-independent pathways.

A lanthanum hydride compound at a pressure of around 170 gigapascals is found to exhibit superconductivity with a critical temperature of 250 kelvin.

The electronic nematic phase in copper oxide superconductors is found over a broad range of temperature and doping but is not aligned with the crystal axes.