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This study analyses whole-genome sequencing data of cancer samples from 10,983 patients and explores relationships among mutational signatures, various biomarkers and clinical outcomes.

Voluntary deference to prestigious individuals is a unique feature of human social life. Here, the authors show that human prestige psychology can promote marked-yet-adaptive inequalities in influence while remaining non-coercive.

Bruijns et al. present a modeling tool that enables the tracking of learning dynamics across subjects to reveal how behaviors emerge and adapt. Applying the tool to a decision-making task in mice uncovers similarities and differences across individuals.

Projected impacts of climate change on malaria burden in Africa by 2050 highlight the urgent need for climate-resilient malaria control strategies and robust emergency response systems to safeguard progress towards malaria eradication.

Enhanced axial resolution for 3D SIM is achieved with deep learning or four-beam interference.

In statistical physics, systems usually become disordered at high temperatures, but some exhibit entropic order when heated, where one type of ordering enables greater fluctuations in another. Here the authors show how this type of order can persist to arbitrarily high temperature in simple classical and quantum many-body models.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Melting from the Greenland Ice Sheet triggers land uplift beneath the ice sheet and changes to Earth’s gravitational field and rotation axis, a process called Glacial Isostatic Adjustment. Lewright et al. find that this process will lead to a local sea level fall along Greenland’s coast over this century.

An architecture inspired by Hopfield networks based on a programmable, stable, room-temperature optoelectronic oscillator-based photonics Ising machine is introduced that can be used to efficiently address optimization and combinatorics problems.

Conventional methods for human motion analysis using sensors tightly attached to the body are often uncomfortable. Here, the authors demonstrate motion recognition and prediction using sensors embedded in garments. The results provide guidance for the development of wearable technology integrated into everyday clothing.

Climate model intercomparison projects have been essential in identifying mechanisms of human-caused climate change, but similar efforts in biodiversity science have lagged behind. This Perspective discusses existing biodiversity model intercomparison projects and identifies opportunities for their advancement in the future.

The bacterial protein H-NS prevents costly expression of horizontally acquired genes such as those in Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs), which are essential for infection. Here, Kortebi et al. show that the expression of SPI-1 is associated with Salmonella chromatin remodelling and with the repositioning of this region toward the nucleoid periphery.

Using artificial neural networks applied to human data, Eckstein et al. show that good models of reinforcement learning require memory components that track representations of the past.

Taniuchi and colleagues show that differential phosphorylation of the terminal Y residue in Runx proteins connect MHC restriction with the helper versus cytotoxic T cell lineage choice.

Spatial beta diversity analyses of mammalian fossil records from the East African Rift System reveal long-term biotic homogenization over the last six million years, a key time frame and context for human evolution.

MultiSuSiE is an extension of the Sum of Single Effects fine-mapping model that allows causal effect sizes to vary across ancestries. Applying MultiSuSiE to quantitative traits in All of Us identifies fine-mapped variants not implicated by other methods.

Choi et al. introduce a machine learning model that integrates diverse multi-view data to predict disease phenotypes. The model includes an interpretable explainer that identifies interacting biological features, such as synergistic genes in astrocytes and microglia associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

Virtual nature exposure reduces self-reported pain and is associated with decreased brain responses linked to somatosensory and nociceptive processing, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of nature-induced analgesia.

Treatment-seeking for fever is widely used to estimate treatment of childhood infections, but cross-country comparisons are problematic. Here, the authors estimate the probability of seeking treatment for fever at public facilities across 29 countries by quantifying person-level latent variables.

A model of intrahost poliovirus replication shows that, after several rounds of replication, pocapavir, a poliovirus capsid inhibitor, collapses viral density, preventing intracellular interactions that allow drug-susceptible viruses to sensitize resistant ones. These results suggest that a low dosage of pocapavir may be beneficial in poliovirus treatment.

The authors study microstructured UTe₂ by high-field transport, focusing on the field-reinforced superconducting phase. They reveal a highly-directional vortex pinning force typical of quasi-2D superconductors, indicating a vortex lock-in state and consistent with a change of order parameter from the low-field superconducting phase.

Using a statistical model that incorporates transmission intensity and stratum-specific rates of severe outcomes, either associated with disease or vaccination, a framework is proposed to compare the risks and benefits of deploying new vaccines, using early epidemiological data.

A covariate-aware analysis reveals that microbiome changes in the gut of patients with chronic kidney disease are better explained by intestinal transit time than by kidney function.

Structured Illumination Microscopy allows for the visualization of biological structures at resolutions below the diffraction limit, but this imaging modality is still hampered by high experimental complexity. Here, the authors present a combination of interferometry and machine learning to construct a structured illumination microscope for super resolution imaging of dynamic sub-cellular biological structures in multiple colors.

Hiʻiaka is the largest moon of the distant dwarf planet Haumea. Here, the authors report the first multi-chord stellar occultations of Hiʻiaka, revealing its size, shape, and density, suggesting an origin from Haumea’s icy mantle.

Respiration enhances cerebrospinal fluid flow through mechanical and autonomic pathways. Inhale length and diaphragm motion influence its displacement and net flow, identifying a modifiable, noninvasive mechanism relevant to brain homeostasis.

The authors demonstrate high-fidelity multi-tone electronic control of trapped-ion qudits up to d=8 levels, enabling efficient SU(d) operations and showcasing advantage by implementing Grover’s search algorithm using encoding in a single qudit, rather than in multiple qubits.

Superradiance is usually driven by light-mediated couplings, leaving the role of direct emitter interactions unclear. Now, it is shown that dipole–dipole interactions in diamond spins drive self-induced pulsed and continuous superradiant masing.

Kagome antiferromagnets have been extensively studied as potential hosts of quantum spin liquids. However, example materials have been largely limited to Cu-based systems. Here, Thennakoon et al. establish, via a combination of specific heat, magnetization and neutron scattering measurements, a Ti-based quantum Kagome antiferromagnet, Cs₈RbK₃Ti₁₂F₄₈, as a strong candidate for hosting quantum spin liquid.

Tokamak walls suffer erosion from steady and bursty heat loads. Here, the authors demonstrate that optimizing 3D magnetic field and cooling gas injection can tame destructive plasma bursts while enabling cooler, safer exhaust conditions.

Aadvanced computer simulations of three-dimensional turbulence reveal that the ab initio generation of large-scale magnetic fields is driven by shear-flow-induced jets; an analytical model is derived which reproduces the essential features of the flow- and field-generation mechanisms.

The extent to which in-vitro cellular experiments are effective models for complex biology underlying human phenotypes is often unclear. Here the authors propose and implement a framework using gene perturbation data to evaluate in-vitro models.

GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) often contain regulatory PH domains. In this work, Soubias et al, using an integrated structure-function approach, discovered a mechanism where a GAP PH domain binds directly to a GTPase to induce allosteric changes facilitating GTP hydrolysis.

The MICrONS mouse visual cortex dataset shows that neurons with similar response properties preferentially connect, a pattern that emerges within and across brain areas and layers, and independently emerges in artificial neural networks where these ‘like-to-like’ connections prove important for task performance.

Here the authors develop a novel statistical method for quantifying mutation burden from whole genome sequencing data and use it to discover the genetic, genomic, and phenotypic correlates of clonal hematopoiesis without known driver genetic lesions.

Edge localised modes (ELMs) in highly confined plasmas are notoriously difficult to regulate. Here, the authors analyse multiscale modes and interactions by combining experimental measurements from DIII-D and modeling, showing promising results in ELM control.

Here the authors show that endogenous or therapeutically delivered GDF-15 activates brainstem neurons that trigger splenic β-adrenergic signaling. This, in turn, suppresses autoreactive T cells and reduces neuroinflammation, identifying a possible target for multiple sclerosis treatment.

A groundbreaking study reveals how physical confinement triggers ferroptosis. It finds the nucleus acts as a mechanosensor, orchestrating Drp1 and cPLA2 that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately, cell death.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

CONCORD generates denoised cell encodings that preserve key biological structures in single-cell datasets.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Single stranded DNA analysis is of interest for a range of applications; however, natural folding of DNA can cause problems with this. Here, the authors report on the in silico analysis of graphene and hexagonal-boron-nitride structures for the stretching and unfolding of DNA to allow for analysis.

Clock precision is thought to be fundamentally limited by entropy production in out-of-equilibrium systems. A theoretical work now introduces a quantum clock design where precision grows exponentially with dissipation.

A two-step Bayesian model improves small area population estimates by integrating health campaign data or household surveys with incomplete satellite settlement maps. It reduces errors by up to 73%, offering a practical solution in regions where traditional methods face limitations.

Two-dimensional polyaramid polymers are synthesized to form nanofilms that exhibit the lowest gas permeability of any polymer by orders of magnitude, despite lacking crystallinity, enabling molecular-scale nanomechanical resonators and barrier materials.

A classical device generates states with no relative superposition. Here, authors introduce models to simulate sets of quantum states by stochastically combining classical devices. They present an avenue to understand to what extent quantum states defy generic models based on classical devices.

Most genetic risk variants for brain disorders lie in non-coding regions and are difficult to interpret. Here, the authors develop BASIC, a method integrating bulk and single-cell eQTLs, to reveal cell-type-specific effects and improve gene discovery and disease colocalization.

The authors have recently developed molecular force microscopy (MFM) which uses fluorescence polarisation to measure cell-surface receptor force orientation. Here they show that structured illumination microscopes, which inherently use fluorescence polarisation, can be used for MFM in a turn-key manner.

The SUMO E3 ligase ZNF451 is a representative member of a new class of SUMO enzymes that execute catalysis via tandem SUMO-interaction motifs, thus allowing efficient SUMO-chain formation.