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The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PSEN1) cause autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). Here, the authors perform single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of ADAD and other disease risk modifying variant carriers and report altered expression states of specific brain cell types.

The BioDIGS project is a nationwide initiative involving students, researchers and educators across more than 40 research and teaching institutions. Participants lead sample collection, computational analysis and results interpretation to understand the relationships between the soil microbiome, environment and health.

ERα breast cancer can relapse to metastatic disease following endocrine therapy. Here, the authors find that when aromatase inhibitor treatment resistance develops, epigenomic reprogramming drives Keratin-80 upregulation via SREBP1, and promotes cytoskeletal rearrangements that drive cancer cell invasion.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Loss of Trem2 function increases early amyloidogenesis by preventing microglial activation and clustering around amyloid seeds. As a consequence of reduced microglial ApoE production in the absence of Trem2 function, amyloid plaques contain less ApoE.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

The Large Hadron Collider beauty collaboration reports a test of lepton flavour universality in decays of bottom mesons into strange mesons and a charged lepton pair, finding evidence of a violation of this principle postulated in the standard model.

An altered microglial landscape and ageing-related inflammatory changes contribute to the neurodegeneration associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, Bright and colleagues discuss the evidence for a pathogenetic role of neuroinflammatory mechanisms in FTD, including links with autoimmunity and gene mutations associated with neuroinflammation.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

An intriguing state of matter known as a quantum spin liquid has been predicted to host Majorana fermions. A detailed theoretical and numerical analysis re-interprets existing Raman data for α-RuCl₃ and uncovers direct evidence of a fermionic response.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

α-RuCl₃ has recently attracted great interest as a possible experimental realization of the Kitaev model. Neutron scattering measurements of a single crystal of this material reveal signatures of Majorana excitations, consistent with Kitaev’s predictions.

The dynamics of spin ordering in magnetic materials is of interest both from a fundamental and an applied point of view. Using a combination of numerical and experimental techniques, Ostleret al. show that the magnetization of a ferrimagnet can be reversed on a timescale of picoseconds solely by heating it.

High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.

ACC1 is a rate-limiting enzyme during fatty acid biosynthesis. Here the authors describe how loss of ACC1 enhances CD4⁺ memory T cell formation and improves outcome in a murine model of parasite infection, indicating that lipid biosynthesis directs cell-fate determination during the generation of memory T cells.

The magma plumbing system at Campi Flegrei caldera manifests as a low resistivity anomaly at a depth between 8 to 20 kilometers, and is interpreted as a middle-to-lower crustal mush zone with 10% melt, according to 3D modeling based on magnetotelluric data collected over an area of 288 square-kilometers.

Joseph Testa, Michele Carbone and colleagues report that germline mutations in BAP1 predispose to malignant mesothelioma and uveal melanoma. They further hypothesize that mesothelioma predominates in BAP1 mutation carriers following exposure to asbestos.

Rosa Rademakers and colleagues show that mutations in CSF1R cause hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids, a central nervous system white-matter disease with variable clinical presentations that include personality and behavioral changes, dementia, depression, parkinsonism and seizures.

The existence and properties of tetraquark states with two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks have been widely debated. Here, the authors use a unitarized model to study the properties of an exotic narrow state compatible with a doubly charmed tetraquark.

iGluSnFR variants with improved signal-to-noise ratios and targeting to postsynaptic sites have been developed, enabling the analysis of glutamatergic neurotransmission in vivo as illustrated in the mouse visual and somatosensory cortex.

The LHCb collaboration reports an improved measurement of the oscillation frequency of mesons consisting of a bottom quark and strange quark, which is then combined with previous results.

The accurate determination of quark mixing parameters is essential for the understanding of the Standard Model. The LHCb collaboration now reports the coupling strength of the b quark to the u quark through the measurement of a baryonic decay mode.

CP violation has deep implications for particle physics and cosmology. Previously observed only in meson decays, signs of CP violation have now been spotted in baryon decays by analysing the proton–proton collision data from the LHCb detector.

Microglia are known to remove dead and dying neurons in the brain by phagocytosis. In this Progress article, Brown and Neher discuss recent evidence indicating that, in certain situations, microglia can instigate the death of viable neurons through phagocytosis, a process they term phagoptosis.

Combined analysis of proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN by the CMS and LHCb collaborations leads to the observation of the extremely rare decay of the strange B meson into muons; the result is compatible with the standard model of particle physics, and does not show any signs of new physics, such as supersymmetry.

Because of their ability to biochemically transform their growing environments, microorganisms are playing a new creative role as a culinary tool, enabling both professional and amateur cooks to create entirely new flavours from existing ingredients.