Xenotransplantation aims to address the shortage of human organs by using organs from species other than human; in particular, porcine organs share similarities with human organs in key aspects. This Review highlights major challenges in xenotransplantation, such as immune rejection and disease transmission, and explores solutions, such as gene editing, immunomodulation, and robust safety and ethical frameworks to enable future success.
- Andy Tully
- Avneesh K. Singh
- Muhammad M. Mohiuddin
