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The intravenous injection of oxygen via polymeric microbubbles that are stable in storage yet quickly dissolve following intravenous injection led to the maintenance of critical oxygenation and to improved survival in swine with profound hypoxaemia.

Treatment with demethylation agents can reactivate transposable elements. Here in glioblastoma, the authors also show that this is accompanied by de novo presentation of TE-derived peptides on MHC class I molecules.

RNA vaccines have been associated with high reactogenicity. Mellman and colleagues demonstrate that lipid-formulated RNA vaccines trigger IL-1 production and inflammation in humans but this pathway is dampened in mice.

An analysis of the Drosophila connectome yields all cell types intrinsic to the optic lobe, and their rules of connectivity.

Uhlmann et al. show that the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease may in fact be a relatively late manifestation of a much earlier pathogenic and targetable process of seed formation and propagation.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

A major barrier to climate mitigation is the political polarization of climate change. Here, the authors examine which of several interventions increase people’s climate policy support and climate action across ideological boundaries.

Can individuals be motivated to accurately identify misinformation? Across four experiments, Rathje et al. provide support for financial incentives improving accuracy, and reducing partisan bias in judgements of political news headlines.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

QS-21—an FDA-approved vaccine adjuvant—and several structural analogues of QS-21 can be synthesized in engineered yeast strains, and this process is much less laborious compared with the conventional mode of extraction from the Chilean soapbark tree.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Metagenomics analyses of a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park reveal previously uncharacterized archaeal populations, including one with the genomic capacity to potentially couple anaerobic methane metabolism and dissimilatory sulfur reduction in a single organism.

Analysing a newly assembled genome of the gelada, an endemic Ethiopian monkey that lives in high altitudes, the authors identify a novel karyotype and genomic elements associated with high-altitude adaptation.

As the next solar eclipse approaches, Jay M. Pasachoff and Roberta J. M. Olson ponder how artists from the early Renaissance onwards have interpreted the phenomenon.

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) normally recognizes exogenous single-stranded RNA for the activation of innate immunity. Here the authors show that TLR7 may also contribute, via the modulation of mast cell functions, to experimental, cigarette smoke-induced mouse models of emphysema, thereby hinting TLR7 as a potential therapeutic target for human lung inflammation.

In plants, light-dependent activation fatty acid synthesis (FAS) is mediated in part by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). Here the authors identify a family of genes encoding carboxyltransferase interactors that attenuate FAS in the light by docking acetyl-CoA carboxylase to the plastid envelope.

Spin-orbit torques, arising in systems with strong spin-orbit interactions, have been a major avenue of research for the potential electric control of magnetization. Recently, unconventional spin-orbit torques, with spin polarizations aligned in atypical ways have garnered interest due to the numerous advantages offered compared to their conventional counterparts. Here, Xue et al investigate ‘type-x’ spin-orbit torque switching, demonstrating both unique spin polarizations, and field-free magnetization switching in Platinum/Cobalt multilayers.

The DNA-binding domains of transcription factors have been well characterized, but whether their intrinsically disordered regions control cell fate is unclear. Here, the authors show the functional and mechanistic importance of an intrinsically disordered region of TCF-1 in T cell development.

Improving the manufacturability of perovskite solar cells is key to their deployment. Zheng et al. report a one-step deposition of the hole-selective and absorber layers that addresses wettability issues and simplifies the fabrication process.

Potent CRISPR guides targeting conserved dengue virus regions can treat dengue-2 and -3 infection in vivo in mice when co-delivered with Cas13 by lipid nanoparticles.

Fungi have the potential to produce sustainable foods for a growing population, but current products are based on a small number of strains with inherent limitations. Here, the authors develop genetic tools for an edible fungus and engineer its nutritional value and sensory appeal for alternative meat applications.

Experimental analysis of reconstructed ancestral globins reveals that haemoglobin’s complex tetrameric structure and oxygen-binding functions evolved by simple genetic and biophysical mechanisms.

The future of marine ecosystem function under global change may be predicted by examining past trends. Here, the authors examine mass marine mortality data from 389 benthic Mediterranean species (1986–2020), highlighting heightened vulnerability within specific trait categories.

By applying Hi-C to cells derived from the tumors of 24 GBM patients, the authors show pervasive structural variation in GBM chromosomal organization. How such patient-to-patient variation explains the characteristic gene expression patterns in each tumor is investigated.

A yeast platform for de novo biosynthesis of medicinal plant compounds has now been reported. The platform was used to explore the biocatalytic potential of refactored plant pathways and resulted in the production of 19 halogenated derivatives with therapeutic potential.

Mutations of hCdc73, a component of the PAFc complex that regulates RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription, have been associated with parathyroid carcinoma. Here the authors show that hCdc73 regulates the mRNA stability of p53 through the interaction with eEF1Bγ, a translation elongation complex subunit, and hSki8, a component of mRNA decay complex.

Computational methods are used to predict which peptides or antigens are able to bind to MHC in order to activate T cell receptors in neoantigen-directed immunotherapies. Here the authors present an accurate transformer-based method to consider not only the peptide and MHC but also the source antigenic protein to predict peptides which bind to MHC molecules.

Electron microscopy (EM) is the gold standard for biological ultrastructure but acquisition speed is slow, making it unsuitable for large volumes. Here the authors present a parallel imaging pipeline for continuous autonomous imaging with six transmission EMs to image 1 mm³ of mouse cortex in less than 6 months.

A technique called error mitigation can significantly improve the performance of large-scale quantum computations on near-term devices without the significant resource overheard of fault-tolerant quantum error correction.

Hydroxyglutarate synthase (HglS) converts 2-oxoadipate to D-2- hydroxyglutarate during lysine catabolism in bacteria. Here the authors use structural and biochemical approaches to show that HglS acts via successive decarboxylation and intramolecular hydroxylation and that homologous enzymes catalyze the final step of lysine catabolism in plants.

Population mobility is associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission but its impacts on other respiratory viruses are not well understood. Here, the authors investigate associations between mobile phone-derived mobility metrics and the dynamics of 18 respiratory viruses in Seattle, Washington from 2018 to 2022.

In chocolate production, a complicated tempering process is used to guide the crystallization of cocoa butter towards its most desirable polymorph, which gives the chocolate proper melting behavior, gloss, and snap—hallmarks of good quality chocolate. Here, the authors find that simply adding a specific phospholipid also directs crystallization towards this polymorph, producing chocolate with comparable microstructure and properties to tempered chocolate.

A pioneer in oculomotor neuroscience, Edward L. Keller identified key elements of the brainstem circuits that produce eye movements and provided the foundation for decades of research on neural control of gaze. He passed away on 4 July 2025.

A promising strategy for scaling trapped-ion-based quantum technologies is to use fully integrated optical waveguides to deliver light to numerous ions at multiple sites. Here, the authors. optically address three ions using on-chip waveguides to deliver three distinct wavelengths per ion, and perform Rabi flopping on each ion simultaneously.

pSABER combines the power of signal amplification by exchange reaction (SABER) with the deposition of fluorescent or colorimetric substrates by horseradish peroxidase to enable enhanced signals for in situ hybridization in cells and tissues.

Mammalian genomes are scattered with repetitive sequences, but their biology remains largely elusive. Here, the authors show that transcription can initiate from short tandem repetitive sequences, and that genetic variants linked to human diseases are preferentially found at repeats with high transcription initiation level.

Community pharmacists are accessible healthcare providers with expertise in medication management. Here the authors show that a low-carbohydrate, low-energy diet implemented by community pharmacists reduced diabetes medication use and improved glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes.

Recent work found that overexpression of short hairpin RNAs in cells could lead to mortality in mice, this was attributed to interference with the cellular machinery that makes miRNAs. This raised the issue of whether RNA interference-mediated silencing would be therapeutically possible. This paper shows that small interfering RNAs can be systemically administered and effectively suppress gene expression without compromising the activity of various liver miRNAs.

Cell therapy requires the targeting of cells to specific sites in the body. Here Muthana et al.use a standard MRI scanner to direct oncolytic macrophages, labelled with magnetic nanoparticles, to primary and metastatic tumour sites in mice, and demonstrate that this leads to reduced tumour growth.

Frictional motion between two surfaces in contact starts with the formation of nucleating rupture fronts. It is now shown that these emerge from nucleation fronts, which develop from a certain stress level onwards and with a characteristic velocity.

The MAPK pathway is an important therapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but success is limited by pathway reactivation, which drives resistance. Here, the authors investigate the mechanism underlying HER2-reactivation post KRAS-MAPK inhibition, identifying combination of MAPK and HER2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy.

Gene expression dynamics in single cells are tracked by labeling newly synthesized RNA in indexed cells.

Combination of TCR or CAR T cells expressing the engineered CD47 variant 47_E with anti-CD47 antibody therapy results in synergistic antitumour efficacy due to T cell resistance to clearance by macrophages, while maintaining macrophage recruitment into the tumour microenvironment.