Search

Bruijns et al. present a modeling tool that enables the tracking of learning dynamics across subjects to reveal how behaviors emerge and adapt. Applying the tool to a decision-making task in mice uncovers similarities and differences across individuals.

The study found that the serial interval and incubation period of monkeypox virus Clade Ib are shorter for putative sexual versus non-sexual transmission, indicating that epidemiological context is crucial for developing effective public health policies.

External Control Arm methods for clinical trials were developed to compare the efficacy of a treatment to a control group that is built with data from external sources. Here, the authors present FedECA, a privacy-enhancing method for analyzing treatment effects across institutions, streamlining multi-centric trial design and thereby accelerating drug development while minimizing patient data exposure.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Immunotherapy is transforming cancer treatment, with immune cell distribution in the tumour microenvironment key to predicting outcomes. Here, authors provide a robust framework to analyse spatial patterns, distinguishing true immune associations from random accumulations, offering insights into immunotherapy responses.

Hiʻiaka is the largest moon of the distant dwarf planet Haumea. Here, the authors report the first multi-chord stellar occultations of Hiʻiaka, revealing its size, shape, and density, suggesting an origin from Haumea’s icy mantle.

Lightning Pose is an efficient pose estimation approach that requires few labeled training data owing to its semi-supervised learning strategy and ensembling.

The authors identify flip probability as a universal quantity in random explorations. Here, the authors show it follows a simple inverse law across Markovian, non-Markovian, and real-world systems.

Elucidating molecular organisation requires precise localisation and analysis. Here the authors develop SODA software for automatic and quantitative mapping of statistically coupled molecules, and use it to unravel spatial organisation of thousands of synaptic proteins in SIM and 3DSTORM microscopy.

The use of a photonic integrated circuit to both hold a biological sample and generate the necessary light patterns for structured illumination microscopy promises convenient super-resolution imaging.

Spatial transcriptomics technologies are still too restrictive for widespread clinical use, and methods that have been designed to bridge them with histopathology carry important limitations. Here, the authors develop MISO, a deep learning framework that allows inferring tissue spatial organisation and gene expression with near single-cell resolution from histopathology images.

The authors observe shot noise orders of magnitude greater than expected in superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet (V/MgO/Fe) junctions. They argue that the origin involves orbital-symmetry-controlled superconducting proximity effect and spin-triplet superconductivity in the Fe.

Images collected during NASA’s DART mission of the asteroid Didymos and its moon, Dimorphos, are used to explore the origin and evolution of the binary system. Authors analysis indicate that both asteroids are weak rubble piles and that Didymos’ surface should be about 40 to 130 times older than Dimorphos.

Analyses of the relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits across the tundra and over time show that community height increased with warming across all sites, whereas other traits lagged behind predicted rates of change.

DEDAL is a deep learning-based protein sequence alignment method that improves the quality of predicted alignment for remote homologs and better discriminates remote homologs from evolutionarily unrelated sequences.

Noel et al. show aberrant updating of expectations in three distinct mouse models of autism spectrum disorder. Brain-wide neurophysiology data suggest this stems from excess units encoding deviations from prior mean and a lack of sensory prediction errors in frontal areas.

Biobank data are extensively used. Schoeler and colleagues show that self-report inaccuracy and selective participation are sources of poor reproducibility for biobank-scale research.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

It is known that exercise influences many human traits, but not which tissues and genes are most important. This study connects transcriptome data collected across 15 tissues during exercise training in rats as part of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium with human data to identify traits with similar tissue specific gene expression signatures to exercise.

How brains enable flexible behaviors in closed-loop environments is unknown. Here, the authors show a dual-pronged approach: sensory tunning reflect changes in context while pre-frontal areas dynamically remap functional coupling to maintain a context-invariant population code.

Determining the properties that emerge from the equations that govern turbulent flow is a fundamental challenge in non-equilibrium physics. A hydrodynamic theory for two-dimensional active nematic fluids at vanishing Reynolds number is now put forward, revealing a universal scaling behaviour for this class of systems.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

GHIST is a deep learning-based method that can predict spatial gene expression at high resolution using histology data.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Here, the authors show that peroxisome proliferation is a conserved response to proteotoxic stress that occurs through stimulation of biogenesis and mediated by TOR and HSR signaling. Importantly, peroxisomes enable survival to proteotoxic stress.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Working with cancer genomes from multiple projects can increase investigative power, but quality of sequences can vary. Here, the authors present a framework for comparing whole genome sequencing quality to help researchers guide downstream analyses and exclude poor quality samples.

Ionization of atoms and molecules is a ubiquitous phenomenon at the core of attosecond science, plasma, and strong-field physics. Here, the authors demonstrate that the orbital angular momentum of laser beams can be used to selectively control photoionization via asymmetrically displaced Laguerre-Gaussian beams, shedding light on the subtle role of spatial inhomogeneities.

Surface plasmon resonance sensing enables the label-free detection of molecular interactions at metal surfaces and highly sensitive measurements of film thickness. Refractive index changes caused by changes in the environment around a metal–dielectric interface cause variations in the interface optical response, which enable highly sensitive and time-resolved measurements.

The percentage of national populations infected during the first stages of the COVID-19 pandemic are unclear owing to limited early testing. Here the authors provide a nation-wide prevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in France from the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020, including stratification based on age, sex and region.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Here the authors show that TFPI2 promotes glioblastoma stem cell self-renewal and connects stemness to microglia immunosuppression, plus targeting TFPI2-mediated glioblastoma stem cell–microglia symbiosis inhibits tumor growth and synergizes with anti-PD1 therapy in glioblastoma.

Nerve injury activates microglia to remove spinal synapses, disrupting spinal sensory processing and contributing to chronic pain. Blocking complement protein C1q preserves synapses, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.

Maurizi et al. introduce GraphMetaMat, a graph-based AI framework for designing 3D metamaterials with programmable nonlinear responses, enabling the inverse design of new structural and acoustic behaviours despite fabrication defects and limits.

Owing to its driven-dissipative nature, and its solid-state environment, a resonantly driven polariton condensate can be accompanied by an incoherent reservoir of excitons. Stepanov et al. demonstrate that this situation strongly modifies the spectrum of collective excitations, which determines many quantum hydrodynamic features in a polariton fluid.

An analysis of tree survival data from forest sites worldwide shows that in the tropics, rare tree species experience stronger stabilizing density dependence than common species, wheras no correlation of stabilizing density dependence and abundance exists in the temperate zone.

Population differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by environmental exposures, but also by local adaptation acting through genetic variants acquired after admixture with archaic hominin forms.

VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling is a key driver of endothelial cell migration during sprouting angiogenesis. Here Genet et al. show that endophilin A2 regulates these processes by mediating clathrin-independent VEGFR2 internalization.

Here, the authors introduce the concept of Janus acoustic metascreen for independent wavefront manipulations for two opposite incidences. They use acoustic circulators with rotating inner cores to achieve high nonreciprocity, and demonstrate tunable combinations of wavefront manipulations.

Sperm motility and male fertility requires function of the CatSper calcium channels. Here, using cryo-electron tomography, authors visualize the native in-cell 3D structure and higher-order organization of the CatSper as long zigzag rows along the sperm tail.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Interstellar magnetic fields determined from pulsar polarimetry in the GHz-band may be biased by mechanical-optical rotation in pulsars’ magnetospheres. Here the authors show how observations at sub-GHz frequencies can be used to resolve such a bias and determine pulsar rotation directions.

The combined role of cellular junctions and actomyosin networks in tissues remains unclear. Here, the authors identify a tissue-scale star-shaped network of actomyosin that preserves cell shape, limits migration, and coordinates the intestinal epithelium.

Analysis of the pulse profile of a fast radio burst showed sub-second periodicity, providing evidence for a neutron-star origin of the event and favouring emission arising from the magnetosphere.

The rapid chromosomal movements during meiotic prophase in Arabidopsis thaliana depend on telomere-to-cytoskeleton attachment through the nuclear envelope via a protein complex composed of the kinesin PSS1, the KASH protein SINE3 and the carboxy-terminal SUN-domain proteins.

The authors uncover slow, facilitating inhibitory connections between serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe, refuting autoinhibition theories. This recurrence drives winner-take-all effects and nonlinear processing of threat-related inputs.