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KRAS mutations are keenly associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and represent a potential therapeutic target. Here the authors present the findings from a phase I clinical trial testing pooled KRAS mutant peptides in combination with immune checkpoint blockade in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

BARCODE is an open-access software that automates high throughput screening of microscopy video data to produce a unique fingerprint or ‘barcode’ of performance metrics that enables optimization and accelerates discovery of soft, active materials.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of obesity management medications reported tirzepatide and semaglutide to be the most effective in reducing body weight and obesity-related complications.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Integrating complex multi-omics data for individual patient decision making can be challenging. Here, the authors develop Knowledge Connector as a decision support system to generate and document Molecular Tumor Board recommendations and support medical decision-making.

This study reports that de novo germline missense variants in SF3B1, distinct from the somatic variants frequently observed in cancer, cause a neurodevelopmental disorder and disrupt global RNA splicing.

Inspired by dynamic textural modulation in cephalopod skin, polymer films whose colour and surface texture can be dynamically and independently controlled are developed and demonstrated using standard electron-beam patterning tools.

Here, the authors create a high-quality-factor chiral metasurface that enables record-high room-temperature valley-selective emission in MoSe₂ monolayers, independent of excitation polarization.

The article reviews benefit-sharing efforts in South African genomics research, highlighting lessons from varied community settings and urging flexible, sustainable models that prioritize engagement, representation, and strong benefit management.

Chan and colleagues report that tumor ecosystem and microbiome features are associated with response to anti-PD-L1 avelumab plus chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells are engineered with three mRNAs to bind to multiple myeloma B cells while activating T cells for cancer therapy.

Here, the authors show that pre-infection gastrointestinal microbial composition predicts parasite levels in rhesus macaques infected with P. fragile and humans infected with P. falciparum in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study.

A combination of high-resolution spatial imaging, spatial proteomics and transcriptional data reveals sparse and heterogeneous bacterial signals in gliomas and brain metastases.

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is driven by somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and may progress to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Here authors show that the two conditions share a similar pattern of bone marrow remodeling, characterized by the emergence of inflammatory mesenchymal stromal cells and IFN-responsive T cells, reinforcing their shared etio-pathology.

Payton et al. develop small-molecule inhibitors of kinesin KIF18A able to selectively kill cancer cells with high chromosomal instability and demonstrate that the inhibitors are therapeutically beneficial in cancer patient-derived in vivo models.

This work presents a unified MS/MS spectral library of drugs and metabolites integrated with standardized pharmacologic metadata, enabling scalable, individualized profiling of drug exposure and metabolism directly from untargeted metabolomics data.

Mass number measurements of the molecular species produced when ions of actinium (Ac) and nobelium (No) are exposed to trace amounts of H₂O and N₂ demonstrate direct species identification using an atom-at-a-time technique for heavy elements.

Electron-microscopy data are used to reconstruct the neurons that make up the anterior visual pathway in the Drosophila brain, providing insight into how visual features are encoded to guide navigation.

Conventional ammonia synthesis is energy intensive. Here the authors explore the mechanism of light-driven ammonia synthesis through in situ spectroscopy and modelling, and demonstrate that certain AuRu plasmonic alloys are promising catalysts for this potentially more sustainable process.

Early high-resolution images of two 2021 novae reveal eruptions unfolding in multiple stages with colliding outflows that produce shocks and gamma rays, reshaping our understanding of stellar explosions.

Burned structures in wildfires release air pollutants not included in emissions inventories. Structure burning in wildland-urban interface fires emit hazardous compounds at levels exceeding anthropogenic sources in some US states.

Pathogenic variants in UNC13A underlie a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome, with three subtypes defined by distinct genotypes with varying clinical and functional impacts characterized in cellular and animal models.

CGP and ASAF1 act at distinct stages of conoid complex biogenesis in T. gondii: CGP stabilises preconoidal rings post-replication, while ASAF1 directs early assembly and daughter cell formation.

Most drugs in phase 2 trials fail to reach regulatory approval. By leveraging machine learning to identify connections between different types of data, including genes, diseases, medications, existing drugs and images, a new approach is shown to increase the level of evidence in identifying drug targets for cardiovascular disease.

Mechanisms underlying sex associated differences in the role of androgen receptor (AR) in melanoma are unclear. Here the authors show that androgen-activated AR transcriptionally upregulates fucosyltransferase 4, which fucosylates L1CAM and promotes melanoma invasiveness by disrupting adherens junctions.

Live-cell imaging of mRNA encoding secretome proteins and translated nascent peptide markers show that secretome translation occurs at endoplasmic reticulum junctions near lysosomes, requires lunapark protein and is modulated by nutrient status.

Remote sensing, field survey and microbotanical analyses show that the pre-Columbian Casarabe culture in the Bolivian Amazon invested heavily in landscape engineering, constructing a complex system of drainage canals and newly documented savannah farm ponds.

This study explores the genetic structure of hepatitis C virus outbreaks in rural U.S communities affected by the opioid crisis. Analysis of intra-host viral populations from 692 participants reveals hidden transmission networks.

While numerous explanations for reduced pest incidence in organic farms have been noted, plant resistance remains understudied. This article demonstrates tomato resistance to leafhoppers through soil and microbial health.

The authors present a multicenter database to investigate the neural correlates of dreaming, including physiological, behavioral and experiential data. This database could boost the research on the mechanisms of dreaming in humans and the signatures of consciousness.

Stereotactic needle biopsies are currently performed for diagnosis only in glioblastoma; this study highlights the depth of information available through multi-omics analysis.

The authors conducted prospective multimodal monitoring of simultaneous brain and heart function to define physiological changes during the human dying process leading to circulatory arrest.

Here, the authors report recent updates to the ENCODE data portal including a redesigned home page, an improved search interface, custom-designed pages highlighting biologically related datasets and an enhanced cart interface for data visualisation plus user-friendly data download options.

A large, open dataset containing parallel recordings from six visual cortical and two thalamic areas of the mouse brain is presented, from which the relative timing of activity in response to visual stimuli and behaviour is used to construct a hierarchy scheme that corresponds to anatomical connectivity data.

An analysis of the localization and intensity of intracortical microstimulation in three participants with cervical spinal cord injury shows that overlapping projected fields from multiple electrodes produce sensations that are more easily localizable.

Mammary gland resident macrophages are known to be crucial components of the mammary stem cell niche. Here, the authors show that CXCR4⁺ macrophages form a niche that regulates the tumor-initiating activity of breast cancer cells and induces early immune evasion through the recruitment of regulatory T cells.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

Stratified medicine promises to tailor treatment for individual patients, however it remains a major challenge to leverage genetic risk data to aid patient stratification. Here the authors introduce an approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue-specific gene expression levels, and highlight its ability to identify biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, supporting the notion of different patient ‘biotypes’ characterized by partially distinct disease mechanisms.

Type 2 inflammation drives the formation of pathologic mucus in patients with asthma. Here, authors reveal a role for intelectin-1 in IL-13-induced mucus properties, and that an ITLN1 eQTL is associated with protection from the formation of mucus plugs in T2-high asthma.

A non-invasive in vivo positron emission tomography imaging approach detects inflammatory disease using various preclinical models.

Characterisation of water dynamics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells is important for technology development. Here, the authors demonstrate a 4D neutron imaging technique, enabling quantitative analysis of the local water evolution, and identify performance parameters for water management.