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Landfalling tropical cyclones generally accelerate as they approach coastlines due to changes in surface roughness and thermal properties, according to numerical modelling simulations and global observations.

Here the authors report that some aspects of clinical heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes vary across populations. Using a deep-learning–based tree model built from over 32,000 patients, they document disease patterns and risks specific for the Chinese population, potentially enabling more precise prediction and personalized care.

This study shows that the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives sea surface salinity (SSS) variability in the China Seas through coupled freshwater and oceanic processes, influencing regional fisheries. Under a warming climate, projected intensification of ENSO will amplify SSS heterogeneity.

Silicate-dominated rivers exhibit lower denitrification but higher N₂O production than carbonate-dominated rivers due to coarser sediments, lower organic carbon, and reduced pH, according to global statistical analyses and field sampling in the Pearl River Basin.

Reducing the embodied carbon emissions of building material stock is essential for mitigation. Using a high-resolution multiyear dataset in China, researchers show the historically massive contributions of these emissions during past decades of rapid urbanization and the potential risks for future climate goals.

Tropical cyclone rain rates rise by over 20% in the 60 hours before landfall, which is driven by land–sea thermal and friction contrasts, heightening coastal flood risk. In addition, this enhancement has implications for forecasting and preparedness.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

An AI-powered spatiotemporal imputation and prediction model (STIMP) is designed to predict Chlorophyll-a distributions in coastal oceans. STIMP reduces imputation mean absolute error and improves predictability compared to traditional and current leading AI methods.

Treatment of influenza A viruses with broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies is an area of active research. Here, the authors characterise a human monoclonal antibody called 3E1 that was reactive against both H1 and H5 viruses in vitroand demonstrated some treatment efficacy in mice.

Noise in high-speed fluorescence imaging limits real-time analysis of neural dynamics. We present FAST, a lightweight deep-learning framework that leverages spatial-temporal redundancy for calcium, voltage, and volumetric imaging, enabling real-time denoising at >1000 fps.

In a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 37 individuals with excess body weight, dietary supplementation with resistant starch lowers body weight and induces changes in gut microbiota composition. Mechanistic analysis in male mice shows that resistant starch at least partially facilitates weight loss through the action of Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

While most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) against Influenza virus target conserved conformational epitopes of the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA), Sun et al. characterize a lineage of bnAbs that neutralize group 1 and 2 strains. Structural characterization shows that antibody 28-12 binds a continuous epitope within H3 (group 2) but requires a conformational epitope for H1 (group 1) binding. Comparison of germline-reverted Ab and intermediate mutants provides evidence for an evolutionary adaptation from group 2 to group 1 strain.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Dissolved inorganic carbon can be a limiting factor for organic nitrogen production in rivers, and so bedrock composition may influence river chemistry, according to geochemical analysis of rivers in Asia and statistical analysis of global datasets.

CBASS systems trigger bacterial suicide via membrane disruption. Here, authors show that effector CapV relocates to the cell pole upon sensing 3’3’-cGAMP, where it cleaves phospholipids and ruptures membranes, revealing a filament-dependent activation mechanism for antiviral defense

A soft, stretchable and freely movable fibre sensor called NeuroWorm, inspired by earthworms and that can be magnetically steered through soft tissue, is described as a new platform for dynamic bioelectrical and biomechanical monitoring.

Extracting high-purity salt from saline water through conventional processes is complex and environmentally unsustainable. A diffusion-driven selective crystallization strategy that uses a precisely designed floating porous membrane to suppress non-ion-selective transfer enables simple and precise ion separation and high-purity salt production from mixed source solutions such as Na⁺/K⁺, Ba²⁺/K⁺ and Mg²⁺/Li⁺.

Myosin VI can facilitate the maturation of autophagosomes in autophagy through interactions with Tom1 and autophagy receptors. Here authors report the structure of the cargobinding domain of Myosin VI in complex with Tom1, which provides insights into Myosin IV’s cargo recognition modes.

Furanocembranoid-like natural products with the alkene-substituted furan scaffold display a range of biological activities, but are difficult to access. Here, the authors report a modular biomimetic strategy to synthesise diverse alkene-substituted furan-containing macrolactams via palladium-catalysed unactivated Csp³-H olefination.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Su, Zhao, Jiang and colleagues identify IGFBP6 as an intrinsic downregulator of the inflammatory response lost in disturbed flow-induced atherosclerotic plaque development, suggesting that its restoration may represent a viable therapeutic strategy.

Marginal seas are surrounded by continents and respond quickly to climate change effects. Here the authors show that the rotating circulation is structured by energetic hotspots with large vorticity identifiable by the Stokes' Theorem.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

The second Global Amphibian Assessment finds that the status of amphibians is continuing to deteriorate globally, driven predominantly by climate change, disease and habitat loss.

Stem rust is an important disease of wheat and resistance present in some cultivars can be suppressed by the SuSr-D1 locus. Here the authors show that SuSr-D1 encodes a subunit of the Mediator Complex and that nonsense mutations are sufficient to abolish suppression and confer stem rust resistance.

High-content screening of a natural diterpenoid library identified a highly potent anti-liver fibrosis lead, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate (DP), which targets apolipoprotein L2 (APOL2) and impairs APOL2–SERCA2–PERK–HES1 signaling.

AK-42 was reported as a specific inhibitor of ClC-2 but its working mechanism is not clear. Here authors report cryo-EM structures of apo ClC-2 and in complex with AK-42, revealing how it inhibits ClC-2 specifically.

Weaving purely organic molecular threads into two-dimensional patterns remains a formidable challenge. Now, driven by the formation of dative B–N bonds, a purely organic, two-dimensional and flawless woven polymer network has been prepared. In addition, free-standing monolayers of woven polymer nanosheets have been obtained through mechanical exfoliation.

Cryo-EM analysis of the quinolone transporter NorA in complex with synthetic antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) inspired peptide mimics of the Fabs that inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in combination with the antibiotic norfloxacin.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects 25% of people worldwide. Here the authors report that spliceosome component Usp39 deletion in mice leads to spontaneous steatosis and impaired autophagy through the regulation of alternative splicing.

Ocular homeostasis and vision depend on the differentiation of limbal stem/progenitor cells into corneal epithelial cells. Here, the authors report transcriptional dynamics and RORA-mediated epigenetic remodeling underlying the differentiation of human corneal epithelium.

Precious-metal-free catalysts for water oxidation commonly suffer from low stability in acidic electrolytes. Now, by controlling the intergrowth of the γ-MnO₂ structure, it has been possible to achieve 2 A cm⁻² at 2 V and a stability of over 1,000 hours at 200 mA cm⁻² in a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser.

Early prediction of AKI-related clinical events and timely intervention for high-risk patients could improve outcomes. Here, the authors show a deep learning model that can identify patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) who are at high risk of death or dialysis at certain time points.

For electrochemical CO₂ reduction to CO, there exists a trade-off between selectivity and activity for noble metal catalysts. Here, authors report a Cu-based trimetallic catalyst that is selective to CO, challenging the monopoly of noble metals in CO₂-to-CO conversion.

The authors present a scalable on-chip parallel intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) data transmission system. This system offers an aggregate line rate of 1.68 Tbit/s over a 20-km-long SMF. For the chromatic dispersion compensation of 40-km-SMFs, the energy consumption is ~0.3 pJ/bit, much less than the commercial 400G-ZR coherent transceivers counterparts.

Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis is more efficient than its alkaline counterpart, but its implementation, in part, hinges on developing Earth-abundant catalysts that are active and stable for the oxygen evolution reaction in acid. Now, it is shown that incorporating Mn into Co₃O₄ substantially extends the catalyst lifetime in acidic electrolyte while maintaining the activity.

Embolization is one of the most promising strategies for clinical disease treatments, however, the existing embolic materials normally have poor embolization effectiveness. Here, the authors report Janus particle-engineered structural lipiodol droplets by programming the self-assembly of Janus particles at the lipiodol-water interface to achieve highly efficient renal embolization.

Pannexin 2 plays critical roles in many physiological processes but its mechanism remain unclear. Here, authors report the cryo-EM structure of human Panx2 in the open state and identify critical residues for its gating.

Water-responsive supercontractile polymer films composed of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene glycol)-α-cyclodextrin inclusion complex contract by more than 50% of their original length within seconds after wetting and become soft and stretchable hydrogel thin films that can be used in bioelectronic interfaces.

Proteomic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected human primary T cells identifies P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 as an HIV-1 restriction factor, which can inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcription and block viral infectivity through incorporation in progeny virions antagonized by HIV-1 viral protein U.

The design of nanostructured catalysts plays a key role in the electrocatalytic redox reaction performances. Here, authors prepared uniform and small-sized high-entropy alloy PtNiFeCoCu nanoparticles that showed improved activities for H₂ evolution methanol oxidation reactions.

While it is known that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences tropical cyclones, but little is known about a reverse effect. Here, data and model output shows that tropical cyclones can affect ENSO with a lead of 3 months, especially contributing to a significantly more intense El Niño in the winter months.

The choice between homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining is largely influenced by cell cycle. Here the authors show that APCCdh1 promotes homologous recombination by removing USP1, allowing polyubiquitinated histones to recruit BRCA1.

Rnf8 is an E3 ligase involved in the DNA damage response, adding ubiquitin moieties to histones H2A and H2AX at sites of DNA damage. Now Rnf8 is found to modify shelterin subunit Tpp1, and this is important for its stability and retention at telomeres. Cells lacking Rnf8 show telomere shortening and chromosome fusions.

Doping mesoporous materials is an attractive way to tune their properties, but typically disrupts the host materials’ structures. Ultrasmall graphitic pencil nanodots have now been prepared, doped with heteroatoms, and inserted in a well-dispersed manner within the ordered structure of mesoporous materials including TiO₂, carbon and silica, by a co-assembly approach.