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Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Preoperative prediction of lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) is crucial for surgical planning and prognostic management in thyroid cancer. Here, the authors develop LLNM-Net, a deep learning model to predict LLNM in thyroid cancer from multimodal data—including preoperative ultrasound images and clinical reports—, with robust performance across large cohorts from multiple centres.

Limited improvement of systemic therapy has been achieved in first line treatment for advanced Biliary tract cancer (BTC). In this randomized phase 2 trial on BTC, the combination of sintilimab, anlotinib, and gemcitabine/cisplatin demonstrated an improvement in progression - free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) while reducing the risk of disease progression compared to chemotherapy monotherapy.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Industrial routes to acetic acid use carbon monoxide for the carbonylation of methanol. Here, the authors report a hydrocarboxylation method that instead uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen for the conversion of methanol into acetic acid.

A high-peak-power low-duty-cycle pulsed fibre laser enables stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy with pixel dwell times as low as 0.2 ms and spatial resolution as low as 500 nm and 2 μm in the lateral and axial directions, respectively.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Ruddlesden popper layered perovskites can be used in optoelectronic devices, but the understanding of their lattice strain as well as ferroelasticity is still lacking. Here, the authors find ferroelasticity in layered perovskites with layer number more than one and reveal its mechanism.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

CO₂ conversion into value-added chemicals is a promising strategy to exploit renewable feedstocks. Here, the authors report the iridium-catalysed synthesis of higher carboxylic acids from ethers, CO₂ and H₂.

Yu and colleagues present a single-cell transcriptomic landscape of olfactory neuroblastoma, characterizing different tumor subtypes and cancer cell responses to drug treatments.

Single-cell RNA sequencing is used to generate a dataset covering all major human organs in both adult and fetal stages, enabling comparison with similar datasets for mouse tissues.

Emerging pharmaceuticals that target metabolic and endocrine dysfunctions in polycystic ovary syndrome are transforming treatment paradigms. This article covers innovative drugs, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, kisspeptin, neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists and artemisinins, exploring their mechanisms and potential to advance care for this disorder.

Tang, Zhang, Fang, Zhu et al. identify impaired mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis as a key mechanism underlying NOTCH1-associated aortic pathology and show that correcting mitochondrial loss in mutant mice using repurposed drugs teriflunomide or leflunomide slows the progression of aoropathy.

Zhang et al. demonstrate that the smooth muscle-specific deficiency of the mitochondrial NAD⁺ transporter SLC25A51 impairs the biosynthesis of proline and type III collagen and results in thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

The instability of the rear electrodes in perovskite solar cells limits the long-term durability of the devices. Now, researchers have developed a composite electrode consisting of Cu–Ni alloy sandwiched between graphene layers to considerably improve the operational stability of perovskite solar cells.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing of seven mouse developmental stages identifies lineage-specific and shared regulatory programs controlling cell-fate decisions. Cross-species analysis associates differentiation potency with ribosomal protein gene expression.

The study reveals how bortezomib activates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clp protease complexes. Cryo-EM structures reveal how sub-stoichiometric bortezomib binding triggers structural changes, mediates holoenzyme formation and disrupts Clp system regulation.

Si-based all-solid-state batteries face application challenges due to the requirement of high external pressure. Here, authors prepare a double-layered Si-based electrode by cold-pressing and electrochemical sintering that enables all-solid-state batteries operating free from external pressure.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Caligiuri and colleagues show that the m⁶A reader YTHDF2 modulates the inflammatory activation and antitumor function of tumor-associated macrophages in part by modulating the stability of Stat1 mRNA.

Here, the authors report a homonuclear cooper dual-atom electrocatalyst with high activity designed for synchronously boosting the sulfur and lithium evolutions.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

A monolithically integrated near-infrared imager is achieved with the crystallization- and oxidation-modulated tin-lead perovskites.

The hearing-loss phenotype can be corrected via the injection, into the inner ear, of a base editor packaged in an adeno-associated virus, as shown in mice harbouring a mutation homozygous to human OTOF and in humanized mice with the human mutation.

The combination of targeted therapeutic agents for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) salvage treatment has potential in clinics. Here this group conducts a single-arm, open-label, phase II trial assessing the combination therapy of regorafenib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and sintilimab (PD-1 targeting) as a safe and effective salvage-line treatment for mCRC patients who have progressed upon second-line treatment.

Understanding genetic regulation and the underlying mechanism for genetic associations with human phenotypes is complicated by cellular heterogeneity and linkage disequilibrium. Here, the authors propose an analytical framework to decode genetic variation of gene regulation at both cell-type and single-nucleotide levels.

Sequencing of haploid sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, allows assembly of a prototypical version of the sugarcane chromosome set. This new reference genome will serve as a resource to accelerate sugarcane improvement.

The authors show that ELL3 maintains chromosomal ploidy by promoting spindle assembly and driving chromosome movement in oocytes. Deficiency of ELL3 results in oocyte aneuploidy and may lead to early miscarriage.