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A technique called LICONN (light-microscopy-based connectomics) allows mapping of brain tissue at synapse level and simultaneous measurement of molecular information, thus enabling quantification of cellular properties and multimodal analysis of brain tissue.

Magnetic reconnection, thought to drive solar eruptions, has been studied with remote sensing. The Parker Solar Probe has directly measured reconnection-associated plasma properties in situ in the solar corona, deepening our understanding of the process.

A turn-key-operable hybrid integrated Pockels laser based on an external distributed Bragg waveguide grating reflector fabricated in a wafer-scale thin-film lithium niobate on insulator platform is demonstrated, with a tuning efficiency of over 550 MHz V^–1, tuning rates reaching the exahertz per second, and a high output power of 15 mW.

The Rnf complex is a key respiratory enzyme of anaerobes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Here, the authors combine structural, computational, and biochemical experiments to probe the unique redox-coupled Na⁺ pumping mechanism of this ancient system.

Manual processes to produce ocular prostheses are time-consuming and yield varying quality. Here, authors present an automatic digital end-to-end process for custom ocular prostheses. It creates shape and appearance from image data of an OCT device and produces them using a full-colour 3D printer.

Reliable detection of mutations below 0.5% variant allele frequency remains a key challenge for circulating tumor DNA sequencing assays.

Comprehensively understanding the ultrafast dynamics of the insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide is a long-standing challenge. Here, the authors measure the electronic and structural phase transitions in the first hundred femtoseconds.

Transferrin receptor (TfR) and CD98hc are increasingly used to enable more effective drug delivery to the central nervous system. Here, the authors reveal comprehensive and distinct brain cellular and whole body biodistribution patterns of TfR- and CD98hc-binding molecules.

STED nanoscopy enables sub-diffraction imaging with a wide range of fluorescent probes. Here, the authors show that a bright and very photostable class of fluorescent quantum dots can be super-resolved with STED as biolabels in cellular contexts.

Pollinators can persist in urban areas despite little natural habitat. Here the authors compare insect pollinators and pollination inside and outside of German cities, showing that urban areas have high diversity of bees but not other insects, and high pollination provisioning, relative to rural sites.

Propagating optical plasmons — collective electron excitations coupled to photons — are launched in graphene and studied with near-field optical microscopy, revealing ultra-strong optical field confinement and gate-tunable control of optical fields at nanoscale dimensions.

Licheva, Pflaum, Babic, Mancilla et al. show that low-affinity cargo–receptor interactions promote autophagy receptor mobility and condensation of the scaffold protein Atg11 to trigger initiation hub and phagophore formation.

An optical parametric amplifier based on integrated photonic circuits fabricated using low-loss gallium phosphide-on-silicon dioxide demonstrates improved bandwidth and gain performance over state-of-the-art erbium-doped fibre amplifiers while maintaining a low noise figure.

Neural wavefunctions have become a highly accurate approach to solve the Schrödinger equation. Here, the authors propose an approach to optimize for a generalized wavefunction across compounds, which can help developing a foundation wavefunction model.

A fully hybrid integrated erbium-doped photonic integrated waveguide laser with wide tuning of 40 nm, side-mode suppression ratio of >70 dB and output power up to 17 mW is demonstrated, achieving not only footprint reduction but also the long-anticipated fibre-laser coherence.

An integrated electro-optic frequency comb that combines microwave integrated circuits with a photonic circuit based on lithium tantalate leads to broadband operation with low power requirements.

Acetogenic bacteria deploy electron-bifurcating transhydrogenase for electron carrier adjustments in the ancient Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Here, the authors report a cryo-EM structure of the Stn class transhydrogenase from the Sporomusa ovata and dissect its electron transfer pathway.

Lithium niobate plays an important role in integrated photonics, but its widespread application requires a reliable solution. Here, the authors present a wafer-scale approach to LNOI integration via wafer bonding to silicon nitride PICs.

Curved cell shapes are common among bacteria, but the underlying morphogenetic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, the authors identify an outer-membrane protein complex that promotes cell curvature in Rhodospirillum rubrum by forming helical ribbon structures that modulate the dynamics of cell wall biosynthesis, biasing cell growth towards the cell’s outer curve.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of AAA identifies 121 independent risk loci and highlights potential therapeutic targets such as proprotein convertase, subtilisin/kexin-type 9 (PCSK9).

A combination of gentle stimulated emission depletion microscopy imaging and deep-learning-based improvements in signal-to-noise ratio enables high-resolution reconstruction of neuronal architecture in living tissue.

Transcriptomic analysis of BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukemia identifies three subgroups, each associated with a maturation arrest at a specific stage of B-cell progenitor differentiation and distinct genetic and clinical features.

The spin texture of a magnetic system can host a variety of topological spin textures, the most famous of these being skyrmions. Here, Volkov et al demonstrate higher order vorticity in magnetic wireframe nanostructures and introduce a general protocol for the creation of arbitrary numbers of vortices and antivortices in such wireframe structures.

The lanthanum-hydrogen system has attracted attention following the observation of superconductivity in LaH₁₀ at near-ambient temperatures and high pressures. Here authors describe the high-pressure syntheses of seven La-H phases; they report crystal structures and remarkable regularities in rare-earth element hydrides.

The risk of developing blood cancer increases with age. The finding that a molecule from gut bacteria plays a part points to new ways to intervene.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Nanoscopy of non-adherent cells is currently not possible, due to their movement in solution. Here the authors immobilize and manipulate fixedE. coli by multiple optical traps; their holographic optical tweezers enable dSTORM imaging of orthogonal planes via 3D realignment of the sample.

Early stellarator designs suffered from high particle losses, an issue that can be addressed by optimization of the coils. Here the authors measure the magnetic field lines in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, confirming that the complicated design of the superconducting coils has been realized successfully.

Polynitrogen compounds are potentially promising high energy density materials, but are difficult to synthesize due to their instability. Here, the authors observe the formation, under high pressure, of a Mg₂N₄ magnesium–tetranitrogen salt which remains stable at ambient conditions.

Momentum mismatch prevents efficient coupling between free space photons and hyperbolic phonon polaritons. The authors show, using far-field infrared spectroscopy, infrared nanoimaging and numerical simulations, that resonant metallic antennas can efficiently launch hyperbolic phonon polaritons in thin h-BN slabs.

How the visual system differentiates between external motion and sensory input arising from self-motion is poorly understood. Here, the authors investigate how motor-related synaptic signals impact neural activity in a key visual center during locomotion.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

The acidic tumour microenvironment in melanoma drives immune evasion by cAMP in tumor-infiltrating monocytes. Here, the authors show that the release of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor from micelles restores antitumor immunity and, when combined with regulatory T cell depletion, leads to remission of established B16-F10-OVA tumors.

Analysis of dendrite initiation, owing to filling of pores with lithium by means of microcracks, and propagation, caused by wedge opening, shows that there are two separate processes during dendrite failure of lithium metal solid-state batteries.

Lithium niobate (LN) is difficult to process via dry etching. Here, authors demonstrate the fabrication of deeply etched, tightly confining, low loss LN photonic integrated circuits with losses 4 dB/m using diamond like carbon as a hard mask.

Where and how the brain integrates discrete sensory inputs is not fully understood. Here authors show that a multisensory zone in the mouse anterior primary visual cortex integrates tactile and visual inputs from a shared sensory space through interareal feedforward inhibition.

Electro-optical photonic integrated circuits based on lithium tantalate perform as well as current state-of-the-art ones using lithium niobate but the material has the advantage of existing commercial uses in consumer electronics, easing the problem of scalability.

Time-dependent calculations are widely employed in simulating spectra. Here, the authors present a basis set truncation scheme to analyse and accelerate TDDFT calculations with negligible change in the resulting electronic spectra.

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the filamentous hydrogen-dependent CO₂ reductase (HDCR) enzyme from Thermoanaerobacter kivui, together with enzymatic analysis and in situ cryo-electron tomography, provides insight into the high catalytic activity of HDCR.

De novo loss of function mutations in the ubiquitin ligase-encoding gene Cullin3 (CUL3) lead to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, the authors show that Cul3 is essential to regulate neuronal migration by tightly regulating Plastin3 (Pls3). Pls3 cell-autonomously regulates cell migration by regulating the actin cytoskeleton organization.

The 2001–2019 web of international waste trade is investigated, allowing the identification of countries at threat of improper handling and disposal of waste. Chemical tracers are used to identify the environmental impact of waste in these countries.