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Hydrogel coatings have potential in friction reduction, but achieving the required durability is challenging. Here, the authors report a picot fibre hydrogel coating with a hierarchical structure, including a lubricious surface layer and fibre-reinforced core layer.

Genomic analyses of DNA from modern individuals show that, about 800 years ago, pre-European contact occurred between Polynesian individuals and Native American individuals from near present-day Colombia, while remote Pacific islands were still being settled.

Several recent publications have attempted to detect novel unannotated microproteins using mass spectrometry proteomics. Here, the authors reassess these claimed microprotein detections, finding that many are poorly supported, while a subset represents likely genuine discoveries of novel proteins.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Bisacodyl relieves constipation by enhancing intestinal fluid movement. Here, the authors show that its metabolite, deacetyl bisacodyl, directly activates the ion channel TRPM4 in epithelial cells to drive fluid secretion.

The presence of EGFR mutations and de novo MET aberrations limited response to EGFR inhibitors in patients with advance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 randomised clinical trial investigating first-line osimertinib (EGFR inhibitor) plus savolitinib (c-MET inhibitor) in patients with MET-aberrant, EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.

2D high-κ dielectric materials remain highly sought-after for the future development of 2D electronics. Here, the authors report a 2D edge-seeded heteroepitaxial growth strategy to synthesize CaNb₂O₆ thin films with equivalent oxide thickness down to 0.7 nm and show their application for high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors.

Chen et al. identify a brain-to-bone communication axis whereby extracellular vesicles from aged brain neurons transport WDFY1 protein to distal bone, driving bone-fat imbalance and promoting osteoporosis.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The presence of peritoneal metastasis in pancreatic cancers is associated with poor prognosis. Here the authors show that hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein-1 (HAPLN1) promotes tumour cell plasticity and pro-tumoral immune microenvironment to facilitate peritoneal dissemination in pancreatic cancers.

Ovarian endometriomas, with distinct microenvironment and heightened hormonal sensitivity, are recognized as precursors of ovarian carcinomas. This study decodes ovarian endometriomas by integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics with spatial metabolomics to reveal key markers and altered pathways, offering new avenues for diagnosis and therapy.

Using ancient DNA, isotopes and proteomics, this work reveals social inequality and mobility in Eastern Zhou China, showing female sacrifices, dietary disparities across classes, kinship networks among elites, and rare evidence of social mobility.

Protection afforded by inorganic minerals is assumed to make mineral-associated organic carbon less susceptible to loss under climate change than particulate organic carbon. However, a global study of soil organic carbon from drylands suggests that this is not the case.

DNA G-quadruplexes help regulate genes, but their strand-specific roles are unclear. Here, the authors develop ssG4-seq to map G4s genome-wide, showing abundant enhancer- and promoter-localised structures that activate transcription via SP1 and are disrupted by cancer-linked mutations.

The authors identify 92 tick-associated viruses, including ten pathogenic to humans in northwest China and adjacent countries. They predict a significant increase of major pathogenic viruses and their vectors in high-risk regions.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

North Pacific dust flux and modelling results provide new evidence for long-term land-atmosphere-ocean interactions associated with the onset and intensification of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.

The purification of ethylene is an industrially relevant process. Here, the authors report the one-step separation of ethylene from quaternary gas mixtures of hydrocarbons and CO₂ using a single metal–organic framework-based physisorbent.

This study reveals that RNA silencing component Argonaute 2 (AGO2) loads small RNAs at endoplasmic reticulum–chloroplast membrane contact sites with the help of RNA helicase 3 (RH3), which also enhances the loading of viral-derived small RNAs. These findings highlight the connections between RNA silencing, viral replication, and plant antiviral resistance.

Activated carbon has been widely used for PFAS adsorption, but this method generates secondary solid wastes. The flash Joule heating approach realizes mineralization of PFAS and generation of useful flash graphene in waste granular activated carbon.

Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) occurs in premalignant lung adenomas, but infrequently in malignant adenocarcinomas. Here the authors show that USP5-Beclin 1 axis overcomes OIS in Kras-driven lung cancer by enhancing MDM2-mediated p53 degradation.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.

Molecular polaritons represent a versatile platform for applications, from polariton lasing and condensation to energy transfer processes. Here the authors develop a coherent and unifying theory of molecular polaritons, including complex internal structures and large molecule numbers. This clarifies radiative pumping and vibrational relaxation, facilitating the interpretation of current and future experiments.

Vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) play crucial roles in plant stress responses. This study reveals that VSRs orchestrate the vacuolar sorting of immune-related proteins and autophagic degradation of bacterial effectors in effector-triggered immunity.

Immune response during breast cancer progression remains to be explored. Here, the characterisation of sequential and parallel multiregion samples of an index patient and a cohort of metastatic triple-negative breast cancers reveals convergent immune evasion mechanisms and an increase in tumor genomic heterogeneity.

Kidney-infiltrating myeloid cells play important roles in acute kidney injury and post-injury fibrosis. Here authors show that genomic deletion of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor specifically in myeloid cells or in neutrophils alleviates acute kidney injury in a mouse model, via limiting the life span of these pro-inflammatory cells.

The feasibility of satellite-assisted quantum communication is demonstrated by a field test on the ground. To supress noise due to sunlight the wavelength of 1,550 nm is chosen, and spectrum and spatial filtering technology developed.