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The sub-arc mantle has remained persistently oxidized since ~0.8 billion years ago, unaffected by increasing atmospheric and oceanic oxygen, according to machine learning techniques that classified arc basalts and revealed stable V/Sc.

The authors report on a method for precise control of stoichiometry and surface termination during thin-film growth of a wide range of perovskite ABO₃ phases that exploits dynamic B-site layer inversion seen in the in situ electron diffraction.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Traditional electrorefining process is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself. Here, the authors explore an in-situ anodic precipitation process based on different solubility of target metal chlorides that can efficiently separate components of aluminum alloys.

Here the authors show that lithium carbonate can revitalize tumor-reactive CD8⁺T cells by shunting cytosolic lactic acid into the mitochondria for oxidation, indicating that lithium ions might be applied as a cancer immunotherapy.

Lithium-metal batteries require the controlled growth of lithium for reliable operation, but it has been challenging to understand which factors impact and determine lithium nucleation and growth. Now, the interfaces between lithium and both the substrate and the electrolyte have been shown to play critical roles in governing lithium nucleation processes.

Application of Molybdenum alloys is hindered by reduced ductility at lower temperatures. Here, the author shows improved ductility in a Mo alloy with irregular-shaped rare-earth La₂O₃ nanoparticles achieved via rotary-swaging, attributed to the amorphization of the oxide-matrix interface.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

A highly compact chemically induced proximity system dependent on salicylic acid or aspirin enables control of biological processes and cellular therapeutics using an over-the-counter drug with minimal side effects.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Large strain gradient is crucial for flexoelectricity. Here, the authors reveal the generality and tunability of large strain gradients at grain boundaries in oxides, explaining the possible effects on the electrical activities of ceramics.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The discovery of superconductivity in hydrides at critical temperature (T_c) near room temperature receives intensive attentions. Here the authors report experimental synthesis and discovery of superconductivity with T_c above 210 K in calcium superhydrides at 160–190 GPa.

Shrub encroachment into grasslands affects species biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but its impact on herbaceous diseases and the role of climatic factors remain unclear. This study finds that shrubs reduce pathogen load in colder regions but may increase it in warmer regions, with temperature being the primary driver of these variations.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

The host blood-type-associated ABO genotype affects the abundance of specific bacteria in the pig intestine.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

The authors developed a highly conductive and dielectric composite solid-state electrolyte by coupling BaTiO₃ and Li_0.33La_0.56TiO_3–x nanowires with a side-by-side heterojunction structure in a polyvinylidene difluoride matrix, which simultaneously promotes the dissociation of lithium salts to produce more movable Li ions and efficiently transports the generated movable Li ions.

Grasslands tend to be limited by both nutrient and water availability. Here the authors use standardized field experiments to show that the effects of nutrient addition on grassland biomass may cancel out the negative impact of drought, but the outcome depends on aridity and other local conditions.

Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening reveals novel modulators of heparan sulfate proteoglycans that regulate cellular uptake of α-synuclein fibrils, including in human dopaminergic neurons.

Testicular aging affects male reproductive health. Here, the authors show that impaired ketogenesis in Leydig cells drives testicular aging, and boosting ketogenesis or supplementing with the ketone body BHB can help mitigate testicular aging.

This Review discusses multiomic approaches for the characterization and biological understanding of cellular senescence, including detailed case studies on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that highlight current outstanding issues in the field.

The construction of nano-machines requires building nano-scale structures with controllable functions. Here the authors use DNA origami to construct an allosteric actuator which can act as signal propagator and an environmental sensor.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

The hypersensitivity of sulfide solid-state electrolytes to moisture are not compatible with today’s manufacturing infrastructure. Here, authors present a reversible surface modification strategy using 1-undecanethiol, that enables the processability of sulfide SSEs under humid ambient air.

The authors enhance energy storage performance in tetragonal tungsten bronze structure ferroelectrics using a multiscale regulation strategy. By adjusting the composition and sintering process of BaSrTiNb_2-xTa_xO₉ ceramics, they introduce grain refinement and perovskite second-phase precipitation.

Thermal switches are critical for preventing overheating and ensuring safety. Here, the authors present a thermomagnetic liquid metal (TMLM) thermal switch with a fast bidirectional response, enhancing speed, functionality, and potential for diverse applications.

Non-density driven liquid-liquid transition has been predicted in theories, but direct experimental verification is challenging because liquid often remains metastable at transition temperature. Here, Xu et al.provide evidence in a lanthanum-based metallic glass above its liquidus temperature.

The authors demonstrate a chemopiezoelectric effect in which the displacive migration of oxygen vacancies driven by an electric field induces a large strain in the surface layer of thin (K,Na)NbO₃ ceramics. They achieve an electrostrain of 1.9% under a field of −3 kV mm⁻¹, with thermal stability up to 200 °C.