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A 3D soft electronic mesh allows high-resolution electrical recording and stimulation across the full surface of neural organoids, enabling long-term studies, drug testing and optogenetic control without compromising their viability owing to its porous design.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease in women where TSC2 deficient mTOR signalling aberrant LAM cells and fibroblasts form nodules causing lung cysts and respiratory failure. Here the authors examine how mTOR dependent IL-6 causes senescence in alveolar type 2 cells which may result in impaired lung repair.

What happens when artists and particle physicists are brought together to exchange ideas? Ken McMullen describes the creative fallout.

This protocol describes how to design and build a centrifuge force microscope that is 3D printed to fit within an existing benchtop centrifuge and enables the simultaneous probing of hundreds to thousands of single-molecule interactions using tethered particles.

Parasitic plants are able to grow towards potential hosts. Here the authors show that strigolactones produced by the host plants can act as chemoattractants for the root parasites Phtheirospermum japonicum and Striga hermonthica.

The charge transport properties in organic semiconductors are affected by the impact of molecular vibrations, yet it has been challenging to quantify them to date. Here, Bussolotti et al. provide direct experimental evidence on the band dispersion modified by molecular vibrations in a rubrene single crystal.

Fluoropolymers are state-of-the-art flexible piezoelectric materials, yet require massive energy inputs to function. Here, the authors show that the electrostatic field around a 2D material leads to polarization orientation and maximized piezoelectric performance, without external energy input.

Single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) has limitations in throughput and the ability to repeatedly interrogate single bonds. Here the authors repurpose a benchtop centrifuge and use DNA nanoswitches to enable high throughput SMFS capable of repeatedly measuring forces of single molecular pairs.

The multicenter phase 3 trial of stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis (MILES) for knee pain revealed that cell therapies showed no significant difference in knee pain outcomes, compared to corticosteroid injections, 1 year following treatment.

This protocol describes how to fix, embed, clear and stain excised organs or whole organisms to create optically transparent samples. This versatile protocol is able to process a wide range of sample types for high-resolution imaging.

The creation of functional 2D bottom-up nanosheets woven from molecular components remains a large challenge. Here, a bottom-up nanosheet featuring a photofunctional bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) complex motif is synthesized using interfacial syntheses, enabling a photoelectric conversion system.

During organ regeneration, gene expression patterns similar to those in normal development are reestablished. Here, Kawasumi-Kita et al. explore core rebooting factors that operate during Xenopus limb regeneration. Their results indicate that hoxc12 and hoxc13 are critical for reactivating tissue growth.

In this work, the authors use a centrifuge force microscope for high-throughput single-molecule experiments to elucidate stacking energies between individual bases of DNA.

Long-term monitoring of plants in field fluctuating environments remains challenging. Here, the authors develop PlantServation, a machine learning-based phenotyping method, and estimate environmental and genotypic effects on the pigment anthocyanin content of diploid and polyploid Arabidopsis.

Localized cell stimulation is useful in the analysis of biological signalling networks. Here the authors develop a photosensitive porous framework to achieve spatiotemporally controlled cellular delivery of the gaseous biomolecule nitric oxide, using it to regulate intracellular calcium levels.

Flexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in which guest uptake and release occur above certain threshold pressures are attractive adsorbents. Now, the gated sorption behaviour of such a zinc-based mixed-ligand MOF has been tuned to match the narrow temperature and pressure range required for safe, efficient acetylene storage by adjusting the ratio of two different functional groups on its benzenedicarboxylate ligands.

The concept of encoding information into a synthetic polymer through its monomer sequence promises very-high-density storage, but decoding such data is a significant challenge. Now, it has been shown that small molecular tweezers can recognize different triplet sequences in oligoimides, offering a glimpse of how to read out information from polymer codes.

Sexual dimorphism describes physical differences between males and females of the same species and is partly shaped by the action of hormones. Maekawa and colleagues construct mixed-sex chicken brain chimeras and find that the female reproductive cycle is largely destroyed in female chimeras with male brains.

The reductive functionalization of CO₂ to value-added chemicals using powdered silicon as a reducing agent is a promising sustainable route, but the behavior of employed fluoride catalysts remains largely unknown. Here, the authors use tetrabutylammonium fluoride to catalyze the conversion of a variety of amines to amides with CO₂ and H₂O reduced by metallic silicon recovered from solar panel production waste and show that the catalyst effectively oxidizes Si atoms on both the surface and interior of the powdered silicon particles.

Analyses of the relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits across the tundra and over time show that community height increased with warming across all sites, whereas other traits lagged behind predicted rates of change.

This two-stage bioreactor-mediated approach for culturing previously uncultured microorganisms involves enrichment of indigenous organisms by using a continuous-flow down-flow hanging sponge bioreactor and subsequent selective batch cultivation.

Rapid climate warming has been linked to increasing shrub dominance in the Arctic tundra. Research now shows that climate–shrub growth relationships vary spatially and according to site characteristics such as soil moisture and shrub height.

How leukaemia cells invade the bone marrow by outcompeting haematopoietic cells is still unclear. Here, the authors used detailed cell number measurements in conjunction with a dual pulse labelling method to determine proliferation rates and followed the in vivo dynamics of AML disease progression.

The polygonal patterns in permafrost regions are caused by the formation of ice wedges. Observations of polygon evolution reveal that rapid ice-wedge melting has occurred across the Arctic since 1950, altering tundra hydrology.

Furuta and colleagues report that single dynein molecules are kept in an autoinhibited state through the stacking of their two head domains. This autoinhibition is relieved when dynein molecules assemble together on cargo.

Vincent Jaddoe and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for infant head circumference. They identify variants in SBNO1 and near HMGA2 that are associated with this phenotype.

Methanethiol, a necessary ingredient for the origin of life, may have been formed from supercritical carbon dioxide in primordial subseafloor, according to a laboratory simulation of a primordial ocean hydrothermal system.