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The role of IFN signaling in SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcome is still debated. Here, the authors longitudinally profiled plasma samples from hospitalized patients and show that a persistent inflammatory response is linked to delayed generation of adaptive immunity and increased risk of death when coupled with severe infection.

A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited gastrointestinal syndrome associated with duodenal adenoma formation. Here the authors show that IL17A-producing NKp44- group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in FAP duodenal tissue and are associated with duodenal adenoma formation in patients with FAP.

Existing methods for non-invasively monitoring water flow in plants have limited spatial/temporal resolution. Here, the authors report that Raman microspectroscopy, complemented by hydrodynamic modelling, can monitor hydrodynamics within living root tissues at cell- and sub-second-scale resolutions.

Data on beetle, bird, plant and mammal occupancy of woodland sites in UK agricultural landscapes demonstrate how contemporary spatial spillovers and legacies of past land use interact to affect species richness and community composition.

This study showed that vagal sensory neurons in the nodose ganglia selectively encode specific cytokines, enabling real-time body-brain communication of immune signals. This neural encoding of cytokines is disrupted during inflammation associated with a colitis model.

Sepsis is a global challenge and a significant burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, Chenoweth et al profile host gene expression signatures from a cohort in Ghana to define molecular phenotypes and identify potential targets to improve patient outcomes.

Six surveys show substantial public agreement with misinformation about wind farms. Agreement with diverse contrarian claims is best predicted by participants’ worldviews, most notably the tendency to believe conspiracy theories.

Cancer staging is an essential clinical attribute. However, it is not routinely recorded in electronic health records. Here, the authors present a generalizable method for the automated classification of TNM stage from pathology report text.

Measurements of subclonal expansion of ctDNA in the plasma before surgery may enable the prediction of future metastatic subclones, offering the possibility for early intervention in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Kevin Padian applauds a book on the planet’s role in our biological and cultural development.

Turajlic and colleagues assess longitudinal antibody and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in patients with cancer, following either recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, in two back-to-back reports from the CAPTURE study.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Analysis of 10 years of satellite radar data with a deep learning model reveals historical flood patterns often missed in prior datasets. This dataset also enables analysis of trends in flooding, showing hints of increases in flood extent over time.

During viral infections high levels of antibodies can form soluble immune complexes (sICs) with antigen and trigger Fcγ receptors (FcγR) leading to increased immunopathology. Here the authors measure FcγRs activation by sICs and consider how these may lead to excessive immunopathology during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Detailed analyses of siRNA delivery by lipid nanoparticles reveal major pathways of siRNA internalization and endosomal escape.

Immunization of macaques with nanoparticle-conjugated receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted with 3M-052 and alum results in cross-neutralizing antibodies against bat coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 variants, and may provide a platform for developing pan-coronavirus vaccines.

Work in a mouse model of Friedreich’s ataxia has shown that administration of the cytokine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) could have beneficial neuroprotective effects. Here the authors perform a pilot study of Lenograstim (recombinant G-CSF) in patients with Friedreich’s ataxia.

Lyme disease is the leading vector-borne disease in North America and Europe, but it lacks single tests for early diagnosis. Here, authors develop a rapid and low-cost serologic test using synthetic peptides, a paper-based assay, and machine learning.

Time-series observations from the JWST of the transiting exoplanet WASP-39b show gaseous water in the planet’s atmosphere and place an upper limit on the abundance of methane.

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis. Michalski et al. reveal epitope diversity, conformational changes and functional impacts of the autoantibodies using cryo-EM and electrophysiology.

Many neurotransmitters act on receptors coupled to GTP-binding G proteins. Here authors report the structure and activity of a mutant that locks the nucleotide-free and receptor-bound state of the G protein, leading to a rare neurological disorder.

How brain networks organize and interact based on their hierarchical position remains poorly understood. Momi, Wang et al find that high-order brain networks show stronger responses to stimulation and greater dependence on recurrent feedback compared to low-order networks.

Rapid diagnosis and implementation of treatments is crucial in many genetic conditions. Here the authors describe Genome-to-Treatment, a virtual disease management system that can achieve a rapid diagnosis by expedited whole genome sequencing in 13.5 hours and provide guidance to clinicians for possible therapies.

The transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b is obtained using observations from the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument aboard the JWST.

Head movement can bias brain imaging results, undermining a leading theory on the cause of autism, say Ben Deen and Kevin Pelphrey.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Here, the authors present MRI hardware and an image-processing pipeline for simultaneous functional imaging of two marmosets within the same scanner, removing the confounds of remote hyperscanning.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Soil microbes contribute to soil organic matter. Here, the authors explore how microbial traits contribute to organic matter accumulation, finding that synergies among fungal traits promote soil organic matter formation, functional complexity, and stability.

Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BDK) inhibits the activity of branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase and branched chain amino acid degradation, implicated in several diseases. Here, the authors discover a BDK inhibitor and degrader that shows efficacy in rodent metabolism and heart failure models, as well as another class of BDK inhibitors that stabilizes BDK.

A conserved feature of metazoan meiosis is that it occurs in a syncytium. Here, the authors show that intercellular bridges that connect germ cells in a syncytium are critical for ensuring proper meiotic progression and fertility in male mice.

The taurine–taurine transporter axis is a critical dependency of aggressive myeloid leukaemias.

Gene expression is highly variable between tissues, and changes during development and with age. Here, the authors provide a comprehensive RNA-Seq analysis of the rat transcriptome, spanning eleven organs, four developmental stages and both sexes.

Mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer clones adapt their mutation landscape by toggling homopolymer sequences in MutS homolog 3 (MSH3) and MutS homolog 6 (MSH6). This increases the subclonal mutation rate and clonal diversity, favoring immune escape and tumor growth.

Initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription occurs at the host tRNA^Lys₃, which forms a complex with the 5’ end of the HIV-1 viral RNA and reverse transcriptase (RT). Here, the authors present the 2.8 Å cryo-EM structure of a minimal HIV-1 RT–vRNA–tRNA^Lys₃ initiation complex (miniRTIC), and miniRTIC structures with the bound non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors nevirapine and efavirenz at 3.1 and 2.9 Å resolution, respectively.

The genomic landscape of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains to be comprehensively characterised. Here, whole genome sequencing of 778 ccRCC patients enrolled in the 100,000 Genomes Project was used to identify potential drivers and clinical correlations to inform the development of therapies.

NMDA receptors are complexes of NR1 and NR2 subunits that mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and have roles in neurological disorders. Here, a subunit-selective potentiator of NMDA receptors is identified, which may allow the evaluation of the functional roles of individual NMDA receptor subunits.

In this Viewpoint article, seven experts discuss the challenges that are contributing to the decline in antibiotic drug discovery and development, and the international and national initiatives aimed at incentivizing research and the development of new antibiotics to improve the economic feasibility of antibiotic development.

Identification of febrile children at risk of death in low-resource settings can improve survival, but tools for their prompt recognition are lacking. Here, the authors show that sTREM-1 measured at clinical presentation predicts in-hospital mortality in febrile children in Uganda.

The BAF chromatin-remodelling complex ATPase gene Brm safeguards cell identity during directed cardiogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells.

Perovskite solar cells can complement silicon photovoltaics in multijunction devices. Here, the authors optimize light harvesting in monolithic perovskite-on-silicon devices and fabricate a certified 23.6% efficient, 1 cm² tandem solar cell with a perovskite device that withstands damp heat tests.

In an individual-participant meta-analysis, including intensive longitudinal studies, Kuehn et al. find support for the hypothesis that self-injurious thoughts and behaviours are negatively reinforced by relief from negative affect.

Senescence of mammalian cells is characterized by proliferative arrest and expression of an inflammatory phenotype. Here the authors show the H2A variant H2A.J, found only in mammals, accumulates following persistent DNA damage or natural aging.