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Temporal multi-omic analysis of tissues from rats undergoing up to eight weeks of endurance exercise training reveals widespread shared, tissue-specific and sex-specific changes, including immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways.

The enzyme ABHD18 is shown to have a key role in cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria, offering a potential route for a small-molecule treatment of the rare genetic disease Barth syndrome.

This work presents a fully implantable wireless optogenetic device that delivers spatiotemporally patterned cortical stimulation through the skull and generates artificial perception in mice.

Global vegetation models are too coarse to predict climate change effects at the hillslope level. Using high-resolution LiDAR, the authors explore the three-dimensional structure and vegetation of an African savanna, and suggest that finer hydrogeomorphological features will shape future climate effects.

Nanoscale patterning methods based on self-assembly promise to revolutionize the fabrication of high-tech devices, but suffer from a limited number of possible lattice symmetries. Here, the authors use a laser zone annealing technique to pattern block copolymers into any 2D mesh motif they desire.

Transfer hydrogenation is challenging to apply to aryl halide reductive cross-couplings because of competing hydrogenolysis. Now aryl halide cross-couplings mediated by sodium formate have been developed. These processes display orthogonality to Suzuki and Buchwald–Hartwig couplings as pinacol boronates and anilines are tolerated and, owing to chelated intermediates, effective for challenging 2-pyridyl systems.

Limited diagnostic capacity for asymptomatic individuals hinders malaria elimination efforts in Africa. Here, the authors present a near point-of-care method based on colorimetric LAMP detection that outperforms expert microscopy and commercial rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium detection in asymptomatic and submicroscopic individuals.

Children receiving chest radiotherapy for childhood cancer have a higher risk of developing breast cancer later in life. Here, using the data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, the authors investigate the treatment and survival outcomes of breast cancer patients who previously survived childhood cancer finding them to receive altered treatment and having increased mortality.

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling pathways have overlapping effects on adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis. Boucheret al.created fat-specific double knockouts of these pathways and demonstrated their crucial role for adipocyte development, metabolism and thermogenesis in mice.

A millihertz frequency X-ray quasi-periodic oscillation has been observed near the innermost orbit of an actively accreting supermassive black hole and its frequency has evolved significantly over 2 years, a phenomenon that is difficult to explain with existing models.

Siew et al. using multi-omic, physiological & imaging approaches have demonstrated that spaceflight causes kidney remodelling, suggesting a contribution to kidney stone formation, & that space radiation causes kidney damage & early signs of dysfunction.

Many SARS-CoV-2 infections may go undetected through conventional PCR or lateral flow tests. Here, the authors analyse the utility of analysing longitudinal nucleocapsid antibody trajectories to improve identification of prior SARS-CoV-2 infections using surveillance data from the UK.

Single crystal diffraction is one of the most common and powerful tools for structural elucidation, but obtaining single crystals of adequate size and quality is not always trivial. Here, the authors report a method to crystallize inherently non-crystalline adamantane-like organic-inorganic clusters using π-π interactions between C₆₀ and nano-sized molecules.

Tasha Fingerlin, David Schwartz and colleagues report a genome-wide association study of fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Their results confirm known risk variants at MUC5B and TERT and identify several new regions associated with disease susceptibility.

The EWSR1::FLI1 fusion protein is the oncogenic driver of Ewing sarcoma (EwS). Here, the authors find that EWSR1::FLI1 plays a non-canonical role in mRNA decay via interactions with the CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex and the RNA-binding protein HuR. This role uncovers a new therapeutic vulnerability of EwS to HuR inhibition.

Growth of high-quality III–V semiconductors for electronics and optoelectronics usually requires an atomic-lattice matched substrate. Here, the authors use templated liquid-phase crystal growth to create single-crystalline III–V material up to ten micrometres across on an amorphous substrate.

Bird song is commonly seen as a male trait that plays a role in female attraction, but its origin and prevalence in females are unknown. Here, Odom et al.show that female song is widespread and that it was present in the common ancestor of modern songbirds.

Citizen science taps the efforts of non-experts. Here, authors describe Drugit, an extension of the crowdsourcing game Foldit, and its use in designing a non-peptide binder of Von Hippel Lindau E3 ligase for use with proteolysis targeting chimeras.

Understanding the factors that control island orientation in the growth of two-dimensional materials is likely to improve their quality. Here, using low-energy electron microscopy, the authors show that post-nucleation annealing of 2D materials can improve rotational order.

Single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic data from synovial tissue from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis classify patients into groups based on abundance of cell states that can provide insights into pathology and predict individual treatment responses.

JWST data show that the exoplanet WASP-18b has thermally distinct regions of its dayside. The authors mapped the sizes of these regions, measured their temperatures and potentially identify water destruction in the hottest region.

A genome-wide association study of the human hypothalamus discovers 23 unique loci and examines genetic associations with neuropsychiatric behaviours and disorders.

Here, the authors show in a cohort of people with HIV, COVID mRNA vaccination is followed by a transient boost in a particular profile of HIV-specific T-cell responses and a corresponding decrease in residual HIV RNA – suggesting productive immune engagement with infected cells.

A dynamic Cu–Pt dual-atom catalyst supported on 1Tʹ-MoS₂ can be electrically switched between single- and dual-atom configurations, enabling on-demand control for alkyne semi-hydrogenation.

Glioblastoma—the deadliest form of brain cancer—alters the calvarial bone and its marrow components, pushing it toward producing more myeloid cells and contributing to an immunosuppressive environment.

The extent to which air traffic affects the optical thickness of existing cirrus clouds in the upper atmosphere remains unknown. Here, the authors compare cirrus cloud properties inside and outside of real flight tracks and show that optical thickness is significantly increased within the flight path.

Here they identify the C. elegans homolog of Sjogren’s Syndrome Nuclear Antigen 1 as a centriole-stabilizing factor. In the absence of SSNA-1 centrioles assemble normally but are prone to fragmenting in the early embryo leading to multipolar spindle formation and embryonic lethality.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

So far, a continuous time crystal has only been implemented on a quantum system. Optically driven many-body interactions in a nanomechanical photonic metamaterial now allow the realization of a classical continuous time crystal.

Li, Burgos-Bravo and colleagues report that NDF phase separation regulates FACT condensation, which enhances transcription by generating a localized biochemical environment that promotes nucleosome disassembly while preserving chromatin integrity by retaining histones.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) operates at a high magnetic field strength and requires a strict access-controlled environment, making MRI often inaccessible. Here, the authors present a portable low-field MRI device that detects intracerebral hemorrhage with high accuracy.

Here, the authors used functional ultrasound imaging to map human spinal cord activity during urodynamically controlled micturition, showing that blood flow closely tracks bladder pressure and offering new insights into spinal cord regulation of micturition.

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, the authors perform GWAS of the serum lipidome to identify variants associated with lipid species that are putatively in the mechanistic pathway to CAD.

This study showed that vagal sensory neurons in the nodose ganglia selectively encode specific cytokines, enabling real-time body-brain communication of immune signals. This neural encoding of cytokines is disrupted during inflammation associated with a colitis model.

In interstitial lung disease, aberrant KRT8+ basaloid cells impair alveolar repair mechanisms. Here they show that Interleukin-11 expression in KRT8+ cells potentiates their pathological properties and causes lung scarring, which can be prevented by anti-IL11 therapy.

Here the authors report single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of young and aged male fibrotic mouse lungs. Age-related alterations in capillary sub-populations are associated with a proangiogenic phenotype linked to regeneration of the alveolar niche.

Here, the authors show in human iPSC-derived motor neurons from ALS patients and a TDP-43 mouse model that axonal TDP-43 forms G3BP1 positive RNP condensates, which sequester mRNA of nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins and decrease local protein synthesis in motor neuron axons and neuromuscular junctions.

Patient-derived xenografts are important tools for cancer drug development. Here, the authors develop models from 22 non-small cell lung cancer patients. They show genomic differences between models created from different spatial regions of tumours and a bottleneck on model establishment.

The wave nature of light and particles is of interest to the fundamental quantum mechanics. Here the authors show the double-slit interference effect in the strong-field ionization of neon dimers by employing COLTRIMS method to record the momentum distribution of the photoelectrons in the molecular frame

The Perseverance rover detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons preserved within sulfates in the fan and floor of Jezero crater on Mars, offering new insights into past habitability and the preservation of organic matter on Mars.

Genome-wide association studies of brain imaging data from 8,428 individuals in UK Biobank show that many of the 3,144 traits studied are heritable, and genes associated with individual phenotypes are identified.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

This study reports a motif of local field potentials that maps onto the anatomical layers of the cortex, is preserved across macaque cortical areas and across primates and may represent a ubiquitous layer-based and frequency-based cortical mechanism.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.