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In patients with acute heart failure, personalized dosing of a diuretic led to treatment intensification in the majority of patients and improved natriuresis, but had no effects on time to all-cause mortality or heart failure rehospitalization.

ZTF J1406+1222 is a wide hierarchical triple system that hosts a low-metallicity subdwarf star and a ‘black widow’ millisecond pulsar that has a highly varying optical flux and a 62-minute period.

Here, the authors document the evolutionary dynamics of angiosperm pollen, using pollen morphology and time calibrated phylogeny. They identify two surges in pollen disparity in the mid-Cretaceous and Paleogene that are associated with environmental changes and important pollen adaptations.

The Zwicky Transient Facility has observed a transitioning white dwarf with two faces, with one side of its atmosphere dominated by hydrogen and the other by helium.

This Review outlines the fundamental role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for children, adolescents and young adults (CAYAs) with relapsed and/or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, emphasizing the crucial need to further exploit CAR T cells and other immunotherapies to improve survival with broadened access across disease states. Opportunities and challenges for expanding CAR T cell therapy to other haematological and non-haematological malignancies in CAYAs are also discussed.

A 51-minute-orbital-period, fully eclipsing binary system consisting of a star with a comparable temperature to that of the Sun but a 100 times greater density, accreting onto a white dwarf is reported.

Radiation pressure on dusty gas is the main physical mechanism that regulates the distribution of the circumnuclear material that obscures many supermassive black holes.

The direct cross-coupling of two thiols is an attractive biomimetic concept for click chemistry, but leads to statistical mixtures of homo- and heterodimers. Here, the authors introduce a class of thiol-click reagents, bromo-ynones, where the kinetic differentiation between the first and second thiol addition onto these reagents facilitates a stepwise one-pot “cross-clicking” of two distinct thiols in aqueous media, without the need for intermediate isolation or purification.

This Review discusses recent advances in vascular biology, biomaterials chemistry and 3D printing techniques for vascular patterning in engineered tissues.

The spectral properties of a short gamma-ray burst indicate that, contrary to expectations, it arose from the collapse of a massive star rather than from a compact binary merger. This discovery also confirms that most collapsars do not produce ultra-relativistic jets.

Genomes and phenotypes of interspecific yeast hybrids isolated from breweries reveal hybridization between Saccharomyces species followed by adaptation to specific beer styles.

Warming ocean water plays a significant role in accelerating Arctic sea ice melt. Here the authors present detailed observations of warm water of Pacific origin entering and diving beneath the Arctic ocean surface, and explore the dynamical processes governing its evolution.

A binary star merger has produced a white dwarf with a spin period of under 7 minutes, a magnetic field of 600 to 900 million gauss and a radius only slightly larger than that of our Moon.

A longitudinal analysis of viral expansion and clearance rates in 60 individuals sampled daily during acute infection reveals high inter-individual variation in infectious virus shedding, which may contribute to superspreading.

High-resolution infrared observations of hard-X-ray-selected black holes show an excess of late-stage mergers in obscured luminous black holes compared with inactive galaxies of similar stellar masses and star formation rates.

Here, the authors characterize two distinct T_reg cell populations in the visceral adipose tissue of lean and high-fat diet-fed mice. ST2⁺ T_reg cells are dominant in male mice and are transcriptionally driven by GATA3 and PPARγ, regulators that limit the differentiation of the more female-dominant population of CXCR3⁺ T_reg cells that are T-bet dependent. Functional distinctions are also evident in glucose tolerance and adipose inflammation.

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), evolution is driven by transcriptional and epigenetic heterogeneity. Here, the authors integrate epigenomic analyses to show how intra-tumoral epigenetic diversity results in divergent chromatin states in CLL cells, increasing cell-to-cell transcriptional heterogeneity.

The increasing scale and scope of biomedical data is generating tremendous opportunities for improving health outcomes, but also raises new challenges ranging from data acquisition and storage to data analysis and utilization. To meet these challenges, the authors develop the Personal Health Dashboard, which provides an end-to-end solution for deep biomedical data analytics.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is still not well understood. Here the authors provide patient reported outcomes from 590 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and show association of PASC with higher respiratory SARS-CoV-2 load and circulating antibody titers, and in some an elevation in circulating fibroblast growth factor 21.

Mars’ distinctive red colour attributed to ferrihydrite, a type of rust mineral. This finding suggests Mars experienced a cold and wet environment before transitioning to its current desert state.

Rapid detection of respiratory pathogens circulating in indoor environments could facilitate improved infection prevention responses. In this proof-of-concept study, the authors develop a pathogen air quality monitor for real-time direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols and demonstrate its application in rooms of people with SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Cell-laden hydrogels can be patterned with algorithmically generated sacrificial dendritic vessel networks made of laser-sintered carbohydrate powders.

Conventional staining of post-mortem samples can be affected by several factors, including tissue autolysis. Here, the authors demonstrate a virtual staining tool using a trained neural network to turn autofluorescence images of label-free autopsy tissue into brightfield equivalent images.

Staphylococcus aureus phenol-soluble modulin toxins trigger a fast immune response that involves recruitment of leucocytes to the site of infection via the transcription factor EGR1.

Lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are signaling molecules produced by certain bacteria and fungi that establish symbiotic relationships with plants. Here, the authors show that LCOs are produced also by many other, non-symbiotic fungi, and regulate fungal growth and development.

Increased power trade from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam incentivizes water to remain in the Nile and helps to meet downstream needs.

The BMP inhibitor GREM1 is a key regulator of cellular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer in human and mouse.

Structural analyses of the type III CRISPR accessory protein Card1, which induces dormancy in infected hosts to provide immunity against phage infection, reveal the mechanisms by which it cleaves single-stranded RNA and DNA.

Ceramides are important participants of signal transduction, regulating fundamental cellular processes. Here authors show that C₁₆-ceramide binds to the tumor suppressor p53, disrupts its interaction with MDM2 and facilitates p53 accumulation and activation of its downstream targets.

This Consensus Statement presents the standards for technical reporting in environmental and host-associated microbiome studies (STREAMS) guidelines.

Movement of secretory cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum relies on the COPII protein complex. Here, authors combine gene editing technology with state-of-the-art fluorescence microscopy to define the native dynamics of COPII recruitment at ER subdomains for the first time.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study for body mass index. They identify 18 new loci associated with this trait, some of which map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance.

Courtney et al. found that the C-terminal amphipathic helix of a presynaptic protein, complexin, can dramatically remodel phospholipid bilayers. This activity enables complexin to increase the size and stability of SNARE-mediated fusion pores.

Observations of an eclipsing double-white-dwarf binary with an orbital period of 6.91 minutes that is decaying as predicted by general relativity are reported; once launched, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) should swiftly detect this binary.

In this Review, Steensels, Gallone and Verstrepen discuss the origin and evolution of fungal interspecific hybrids and provide examples of how hybridization produced useful hybrids for industrial fermentations but also resulted in the emergence of highly virulent pathogens.

deQuilettes et al. show that hexylammonium bromide forms an iodide-rich 2D structure and bromide gradient at the surface of 3D perovskite, both of which limit interfacial charge and energy losses in perovskite solar cells.

Genome assembly of durum wheat cultivar Svevo enables genome-wide genetic diversity analyses highlighting modifications imposed by thousands of years of empirical selection and breeding.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

The DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 is essential for cell viability in various mouse models, but gene targeting in human tumor cells results in a viable line. This dilemma has now been resolved using a new human DNMT1 knockout line, although new questions arise as to the full extent of DNMT1 function in maintaining genome integrity.

In China, as in other nations that produce carbon dioxide from fossil fuels on a large scale, the terrestrial biosphere mops up a proportion of the emissions. Estimates of the amounts involved are now available.

A genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI) detects 97 BMI-associated loci, of which 56 were novel, and many loci have effects on other metabolic phenotypes; pathway analyses implicate the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and new pathways such as those related to synaptic function, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

Erik Ingelsson and colleagues report a large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis for associations to the extremes of anthropometric traits, including body mass index, height, waist-to-hip ratio and clinical obesity. They identify four loci newly associated with height and seven loci newly associated with clinical obesity and find overlap in the genetic structure and distribution of variants identified for these extremes of the trait distributions and for the general population.

Learning-activated engram neurons play a critical role in memory recall but the role of these neurons in offline memory consolidation is unclear. The authors show that sleep-associated reactivation of learning-activated sensory neurons is necessary for memory consolidation.