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In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Silane, which is a precursor to the sandy surfaces of rocky planets and dusty clouds on gas giants, is seen directly in another world—a low-metallicity brown dwarf in which oxidation is slow and gas mixing is fast.

A large brain imaging study of over 2000 people worldwide shows that fear conditioning engages brain regions linked to emotion and attention, with differences in individuals with anxiety or depression and strong influences from task design.

The social exposome—lifelong social and economic adversity—can shape brain health and dementia risk. Here, the authors show that an adverse social exposome is linked to poorer clinical, cognitive, and brain changes in Latin American older adults.

A global analysis reveals regional trends of net forest ageing but also that widespread stand-replacing disturbances, such as fire and harvest, are driving declining forest age in many areas, often accompanied by substantial losses in aboveground carbon stocks and shifts in carbon sink dynamics.

Onja Razanamaro spends her time in the canopy of Madagascar’s majestic baobabs, contemplating their pollination.

The largest harmonized proteomic dataset of plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples across major neurodegenerative diseases reveals both disease-specific and transdiagnostic proteomic signatures, including a robust plasma profile associated with the APOEε4 genotype.

Anandasabapathy and colleagues show that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 impacts the specification of tissue-resident memory T cells in the skin.

Parkinson’s disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia are both associated with imbalances in activity between populations of spiny projection neurons. Fieblinger et al.show that homeostatic adaptations in excitability are engaged by these disease states, but synaptic strengths are not scaled accordingly.

In computers, computation is performed by assemblies of logic gates, most of which are logically irreversible. Here, the authors explore the connection between logical and physical irreversibility through an OR gate made by a micro-electromechanical cantilever that can be operated with extremely little energy.

Ecological assemblages may be spatially organized by both context dependency and general processes. Here the authors find general patterns in the organization of regional biodiversity in biogeographical regions.

This study shows how the same brain networks may support resilience differently in individuals with varying genetic risks, enabling more personalized mental health approaches.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

This study describes a pathway in fission yeast that senses nutrient levels and maintains protein homeostasis during starvation by modifying tRNAs in the anticodon loop. These modifications enhance the translation of critical AAA-rich mRNAs, promoting gene silencing and the long-term survival of quiescent cells.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The impact of ocean warming on the functioning of microbial communities is poorly understood. Here, the authors find that seasonal and El Niño-driven warming over 11 years impacts the nutrient stress levels, organic carbon degradation, and carbon-to-nutrient biomass ratios of coastal microbes.

Using systematic satellite observations of land surface temperature and soil moisture during soil dry-downs, the spatially-explicit global distribution of the critical soil moisture threshold of plant water stress and its drivers is uncovered.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Marsupial mammals take much longer to develop than similarly sized placental mammals, though how brain development occurs across these different periods is unclear. Here they show that the neurodevelopmental events of cortical neurogenesis, cell migration and axon extension do not all temporally scale to the same extent.

Analysis of medulloblastomas in humans and mice shows that the functional consequences of ZIC1 mutations are exquisitely dependent on the cells of origin that give rise to different subgroups of medulloblastoma.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Using experiments in organoids and in vivo in mice, the authors show that Apc-mutant cells act as supercompetitors to initiate the formation of adenomas.

Orbital angular momentum transfer from optical vortex beams to electronic quantum Hall states is reported in a graphene sheet, showing a robust contribution to the radial photocurrent that depends on the vorticity of light.

In the CheckMate 7FL trial, neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer led to an increased pathological complete response rate compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, and this increase was associated with immune-related biomarkers and estrogen receptor expression.

Avoiding catastrophic climate change requires that we avoid losing key natural carbon reserves. This study maps such irrecoverable carbon globally and finds a third of the remaining managed by Indigenous peoples and local communities and nearly a quarter in protected areas.

Seed predation increases from the Arctic to the tropics, but it is unknown whether urbanization disrupts this latitudinal pattern. An experimental study conducted across the Americas shows that the latitudinal gradient in predation holds in urban areas, even though total seed predation is reduced.

Plasma turbulence is the main driver to deteriorate the performance of fusion power plants. This work presents an unprecedented comparison of plasma turbulence between experiment and simulation, proving that the gyrokinetic model GENE reached a high level of maturity to predict core turbulence.

Progranulin deficiency causes untreatable neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the authors show that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and optimized brain conditioning correct the disease phenotype in progranulin-deficient mice.

The suppression of edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas is crucial to prevent them from damaging the walls of the chamber. Now experiments confirm the role that magnetic islands play in suppressing these detrimental modes.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

Recent estimates of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake are generally unavailable. Here the authors show a global SSBs intake of 2.7 servings/week in 2018 in adults (range: 0.7 South Asia, 7.8 Latin America/Caribbean); intakes were higher among males, younger, more educated, and urban adults.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.