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Targeting the integrin VLA-4 with natalizumab has shown efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis, but relapse still occurs in some patients. Here the authors use a high-content cell imaging (HCI) pipeline and machine learning to assess the morphology of T cells from MS patients prior to natalizumab regime for defining features associated with treatment responses.

Bennu comprises components of intra- and extra-Solar System origins. The parent bodies of Bennu, Ryugu and CI chondrites likely formed from a shared but heterogeneous reservoir in the outer parts of the solar protoplanetary disk.

Samples returned from asteroid Bennu largely comprise hydrated sheet silicates with sulfides, magnetite and carbonate that indicate alteration by a fluid that evolved from neutral to alkaline, according to a micro- and nanoscale mineralogical study.

Pathology-oriented multiplexing (PathoPlex) represents a framework for widespread access to multiplexed imaging and computational image analysis of clinical specimens at a relatively high throughput and subcellular resolution.

The taurine–taurine transporter axis is a critical dependency of aggressive myeloid leukaemias.

Hanley et al show that transmission of dengue and Zika virus from Old and New World monkeys is shaped by an immunologically-mediated trade-off between magnitude and duration of replication. Patterns of Zika transmission suggests high risk of spillback into neotropical monkeys.

The search for antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 continue due to the emergence of variants of concerns, able to escape the vaccinal humoral response. In this work, authors pre-clinically explore the potential of kinetin against SARS-CoV-2, which could be used alone or in combination with other antivirals.

Following progression on HER2-targeted first-line regimens, there are limited HER2-targeted therapies that have demonstrated efficacy in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). Here, the authors report the results of a phase 1 clinical trial investigating zanidatamab (a HER2-targeted bispecific antibody) in heavily pre-treated patients with advanced or metastatic, HER2-expressing GEA.

Data from a variety of sources—including satellite, climate and soil data, as well as field-collected information on plant traits—are pooled and analysed to map the functional diversity of tropical forest canopies globally.

The second Global Amphibian Assessment finds that the status of amphibians is continuing to deteriorate globally, driven predominantly by climate change, disease and habitat loss.

Here, integrating ribosome profiling, RNA-seq and proteomics to reveal transcriptional and post-translational regulation in HIV-infected T cells, the authors show that non-AUG translation of viral upstream ORFs elicits distinct immune responses and regulates viral gene expression in a DDX3-dependent manner.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

The infrared view of JWST has opened up the early Universe to study. This Perspective summarizes the key developments in our understanding of the high-redshift Universe from the first 18 months of JWST observations.

An unusual ultraviolet compact object associated with a dusty starburst has been observed at a redshift of about 7.2, with a luminosity that falls between that of quasars and galaxies, possibly in transition between the two. 

Chiral gold nanoparticles coated with enantiomerically pure phenylalanine were assembled into nanoporous membranes, whose ionic conductivity depends on the handedness of the incident circularly polarized light.

Stomatal guard cells regulate CO₂ entry to the leaf for photosynthesis but respond slowly to fluctuating light, thus reducing carbon assimilation and water use efficiencies. Substantial efficiency gains are realized by engineering the gating of a K⁺ channel native to the guard cells.

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, often found in the human stomach, can be classified into distinct subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host. Here, the authors provide insights into H. pylori population structure by collecting over 1,000 clinical strains from 50 countries and generating and analyzing high-quality bacterial genome sequences.

“The diversity of the avian lung mycobiome is largely driven by diet and sampling year, reflecting birds’ exposure to environmental fungi. While host phylogeny and geography contribute to differences, their effects are subtle. Birds are hosts and carriers of opportunistic fungal pathogens”.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide diodes with defect-free van der Waals contacts allows minimization of the extrinsic interfacial disorder-dominated recombination and access to the intrinsic excitonic behaviour in two-dimensional semiconductor devices.

Liquid biopsies allow the non-invasive detection of somatic mutations from tumours. Here, the authors develop and test MSK-ACCESS, an NGS-based clinical assay for identifying low frequency mutations in 129 genes and describe how it benefits patients in the clinic.

Data on the richness and composition of the skin microbiome from 2,349 individual amphibians, representing 205 species across a broad geographic range, is compared with local biotic and abiotic environmental factors.

Ecosystem services provided by dung beetles are an underappreciated component of terrestrial ecosystems. Here, the authors report a standardized distributed experiment which shows that dung removal rate, a key ecosystem process in pastures, is greater under high beetle functional diversity regardless of grazing intensity.

Targeted sequencing panels such as MSK-IMPACT have been successfully used to profile solid tumours in clinical settings. Here, the authors develop and implement the MSK-IMPACT Heme sequencing panel and platform to profile haematologic malignancies using paired tumor and normal tissues.

Combined analysis of proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN by the CMS and LHCb collaborations leads to the observation of the extremely rare decay of the strange B meson into muons; the result is compatible with the standard model of particle physics, and does not show any signs of new physics, such as supersymmetry.

The structure of GlyRα3 in complex with a selective potentiator that decreases neuropathic pain in an animal model identifies a novel allosteric regulatory mechanism.

Neutrinos are known to have mass, in contradiction to the predictions of the standard model, and one explanation of this mass is that they are Majorana fermions; this conjecture could be proved by observation of the neutrinoless double-β decay process, but new experiments with ¹³⁶Xe find no statistically significant evidence for this process.

This paper describes and models the effect of grazing on vegetation patchiness in three arid Mediterranean ecosystems. The patch size distribution of the vegetation in these ecosystems follows a power law, which can be explained by invoking local positive interactions among plants. Deviations from power laws occur when grazing pressure is high, and may be a harbinger of imminent desertification.

The BIG Bell Test, which used an online video game with 100,000 participants worldwide to provide random bits to 13 quantum physics experiments, contradicts the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen worldview of local realism.