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Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Here, the authors show that residues N490 and M492 of Hepatitis E Virus capsid protein are pivotal, albeit not exclusive, host tropism determinants of hepatitis E virus (HEV) for swine infection, which enhance the understanding of HEV’s zoonotic transmission and host specificity.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

This study demonstrates that the reduced serum serine in patients with chemotherapy or women with poor sleep, is linked to the decline of ovarian function. Serine supplementation prevented ovarian damage in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, without affecting chemotherapy efficacy.

Heart failure affects millions worldwide with limited treatment options. Here, the authors develop a biodegradable, self-powered vagus nerve stimulator that attenuates cardiac damage at different disease stages without requiring battery replacement or surgical removal.

This study achieves precise atomic-scale control over ferroelectric polymer chains through facet modulation, significantly enhancing ferroelectric phase stability, thereby enabling efficient and tunable multiband electromagnetic attenuation.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants, however its excess causes cellular damage. Here, the authors report that natural variation of Trichome Birefringence (TBR) gene confers zinc toxicity tolerance through modulating root cell wall pectin methylesterification in Arabidopsis.

The researchers exploit lattice-anchoring-enhanced dynamic repair in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites to demonstrate a single-crystal detector with a sensitivity of 165.6 μC mGy⁻¹ cm⁻³ and radiation stability under high-fluence 6-MeV X-rays (6.4 × 10¹¹ photons cm⁻²) and 1.2-MeV electrons (6 × 10¹⁶ electrons cm⁻²). The findings may have implications for diverse applications, including radiation therapy, astronomy and nuclear technology.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

This study presents MAOSS, a multimodal AI model that repurposes non-contrast CT scans and leverages clinical features to detect and stage liver steatosis and fibrosis. Here the authors show MAOSS accurately stratifies cirrhosis progression risk when embedded into the standard clinical workflow, enabling scalable, opportunistic screening for early intervention of steatotic liver disease.

Traditional nanopore sensors use barrel-shaped protein channels. Here, the authors report on a study into the use of globular protein, ferritin, as a nanopore sensor, demonstrating membrane insertion and sensor application, showing the potential of non-barrel-shaped proteins for nanopore sensing.

Controlling Li nucleation and growth is crucial to avoid dendrite formation. Here, Li₂S(111)@Cu is used as Li metal electrode substrate, where a substrate-dependent Li nucleation process and a facet-dependent growth mode are identified, enabling dense Li deposition and improved battery performance.

Li et al. report the cryo-EM structures of type-I and type-II Lamassu systems in apo and double-stranded DNA-bound states, revealing the unique architecture and mechanisms of this prokaryotic antiphage system.

In osteoporotic fracture-related infection (FRI), coordinated bone healing is compromised by cortical bone lysis and persistent bacterial colonization. Here, Li et al. report a dual-action nanocomposite bisphosphonates hydrogel for treatment of osteoporotic FRI that preserves cortical bone integrity and restores fracture healing.

Rechargeable zinc batteries are promising for grid energy storage but can suffer from short circuits and side reactions. Here, the authors design low-surface-tension electrolytes that enable dense, dendrite-free zinc deposition, achieving long-lasting batteries even under harsh operating conditions.

Nociceptive sensory nerves infiltrate the peripheral trauma area, mediating the biased repair response due to the formation of fibrotic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) neurogenic niche. Nociceptive sensory neuron-derived nerve growth factor activates the TrkA receptors in MSCs and triggers the Hif1α-Twist1 pathway, driving the differentiation of MSCs into myofibroblasts to mediate fibrosis. TPX-0005 exerts therapeutic effects by inhibiting TrkA to reverse fibrosis.

Coupling an optogenetic lipid-modifying enzyme with proximity labeling reveals protein networks and mechanisms regulating lipid homeostasis in the membranes of target organelles.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Cellular fate decisions are governed by the equilibrium between inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and pro-apoptotic proteins (PAPs). Li et al. reveal that histone acetylation homeodynamics orchestrates this critical decision-making process by shifting the balance toward either survival or apoptosis.

EuCo₂Al₉ is identified as a metallic spin supersolid with high thermal conductivity, exhibiting coexisting spin orders, strong quantum fluctuations and a giant magnetocaloric effect enabling efficient sub-Kelvin refrigeration.

Earth-abundant cobalt-based catalysts have shown promise to replace iridium as anode catalysts in proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysers, but unfortunately they exhibit high degradation rates. Now, a lanthanum and calcium co-modification of Co₃O₄ is presented, in which lanthanum tunes the water–surface interactions to suppress cobalt dissolution and improve stability, while calcium leaching creates coordinatively unsaturated cobalt sites, leading to enhanced activity.

Reconstructing transcription–translation-coupled DNA replication (TTcDR) in artificial systems is crucial for creating synthetic life. Here the authors develop LoopReX, a TTcDR which leverages minimal machinery and artificial nucleoids to support multiple biological functions.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an understudied biofilm-associated infection. Here, analyses of preclinical and clinical data reveal that the Fsr quorum sensing (QS) system of Enterococcus faecalis is a negative regulator of IE pathogenesis.

A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

Endocytosis of TFR1 plays a crucial role in extracelluar iron uptake. Here the authors revealed that PKCβII facilitates the endocytosis of TFR1 and increases cellular iron levels through the phosphorylation of AAK1, thus promoting ferroptosis of tumor cells.

This study reports self-wrinkling MXene films with lattice structures achieving exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding (81.5 dB at 17 μm), offering ultra-thin protection for sensitive electronics.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The parasitic reactions at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces inhibit the increase of the charging cut-off voltage and the improvement of energy density. Herein, the authors design multifunctional solvent molecules and propose a practical design principle to stabilize the electrolyte/electrode interfaces for high-voltage Li ion batteries.

He, Wang, Shen, Dong and colleagues find that unsaturated fatty acids enriched in a black rice diet inhibit amyloid pathology, rescue cognition and restore physiological lifespan in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease via allosteric activation of GPR120.

The authors demonstrated a kilometer-scale optomechanical sensor network by integrating multiple fiber-optic optomechanical sensors into a standard single-mode fiber, enabling realtime monitoring of spatial DC and AC magnetic field variations induced by moving targets.

Bronchiectasis and asthma can co-exist in the same patient, and the characteristics may be different from bronchiectasis alone. Here the authors characterise the function of ILC3 cells and how IL-17C potentiates IL-17A expression promoting a neutrophil dominated asthma endotype in mouse bronchiectasis-asthma models.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with enhanced risk to develop endometrial cancer (EC). Here, the authors show that oleic acid, increased in MS, promotes endometrial cancer by supporting the stability of the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism ODC1 and polyamine accumulation.

Shang, Zhao, Ying and colleagues report that the mechanosensor PIEZO1 senses blood shear stress in hematopoietic stem cells, driving proliferation and myeloid bias. This axis links mechanical force to inflammation-induced aging, and PIEZO1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target.

X-ray synchrotron measurements reveal heterogeneities at electrode|electrolyte interfaces of lithium metal batteries operating at high potentials. Here the authors demonstrate the rearrangement of ionically conductive phases in polymer electrolytes that lead to battery performance degradation.

Steroidal C12β/15α-hydroxylations are essential in synthesizing steroid drugs but remain challenging via chemical and biological methods. Here, the authors engineer the fungal P450 monooxygenase CYP68J5_fg and obtain two variants with high selectivity for C12β- and C15α- hydroxylation of progesterone, alongside enhanced catalytic efficiency.

González-Gualda, Reinius et al. demonstrate that platinum-based chemotherapy-induced senescence promotes malignancy in ovarian and lung cancer via TGFβ ligands, with evidence in mouse models validated in clinical samples. Concomitantly blocking TGFβ signaling with chemotherapy reduces tumor burden and increases survival in mice.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Sun et al. show that the gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase (desat1) is vital for mosquito survival after a blood meal. Loss of desat1 function disrupts lipid homeostasis, and blood-meal-activated 20E signaling induces lethal lipotoxicity.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization and efficiency, but their synthesis is challenging. This work realizes the mass production of sustainable SACs and demonstrates their application in vascular healing.

This Review provides a comprehensive discussion of how methods in machine learning and computer vision have been used to improve super-resolution microscopy to gain insights into subcellular biology.

Metastatic cancer cells rely on metabolic flexibility to survive. Here, the authors show that metastatic breast cancer cells use lactate for mitochondrial oxidation via the CD147/MCT1/LDHB complex to sustain stemness and promote metastasis.

Cerebellar ataxia, a hallmark of cerebellar degeneration (CBND), is driven by mitochondrial dysfunction in Purkinje cells. In this study, transplanting mitochondria into CBND mice improve mitochondrial function, reduce mitophagy, and reduce ataxia.

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing is hindered by high basecalling error rates. Here, the authors introduce Coral, a dual context-aware basecaller using a Transformer encoder-decoder architecture to improve accuracy, enabling superior transcript isoform discovery and allele-specific analysis.

This study presents LoopID, which profiles proteins at targeted interacting enhancer–promoter (E-P) pairs, identifying the histone demethylase JMJD2 as a regulator of E-P interactions through biomolecular condensate formation independent of its catalytic activity.

The burst release of annexin A5 from intravenously injected nanoparticles that rapidly degrade in tumours generates robust anti-tumour immunity by shifting late-stage immunosuppressive apoptosis to immunostimulatory necrosis.

METTL3 promotes healthy placenta function by regulating m⁶A methylation and histone epigenetics. Deficiency in METTL3 leads to premature senescence, inflammation activation of trophoblasts, contributing to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia.

A groundbreaking study reveals how physical confinement triggers ferroptosis. It finds the nucleus acts as a mechanosensor, orchestrating Drp1 and cPLA2 that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately, cell death.