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CAD, a de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway enzyme, is known to promote chemotherapy resistance. Here, the authors shed light into this mechanism of chemoresistance, showing that chemotherapeutic drugs can promote the degradation of CAD following cleavage by activated caspase-3 on its Asp1371 residue.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Lv, Wang, Lin, Ye et al. report that mTORC2 phosphorylates cGAS to promote its chromatin localization and SWI/SNF recruitment to regulate target gene expression, thereby mediating plasticity and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.

China’s rapid e-commerce growth has driven a 12-fold surge in express delivery, yet cross-regional emissions and health impacts remain poorly quantified. Road transport emitted 23.9-Mt CO₂-equivalent and caused approximately 5,100 premature deaths in 2021, revealing stark transit-region health inequities and guiding sustainable logistics pathways.

The mechanisms underlying differential chemotherapeutic response to 5-fluorouracil are not fully known. Here, the authors show that ABDH5 regulates sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer by regulating lysosome function.

Radiative cooling is an emerging technology for cooling with reduced energy consumption. Here the authors present photoluminescent composites that combine subambient cooling with aesthetic colour, hydrophobicity and durability.

Ionizing radiation and chemotherapy deplete haematopoietic stem cells and damage the vascular niche. Here the authors show that irradiation induces SEMA3A secretion from bone marrow endothelial cells (ECs), inducing EC apoptosis via NRP1 and that NRP1 inhibition promotes vascular regeneration and R spondin 2 dependent hematopoietic regeneration.

Li et al. report a high-order spatiotemporal processing vision sensor based on vdW phototransistors, leveraging Triplet-spike-timing dependent plasticity to extract the high-order correlation information, rendering spiking neural network for confusing object classifying and dynamic tracking.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

The growth of wafer-scale single-crystalline 2D semiconductors on sapphire is important for their electronic applications, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Here, the authors study the influence of air-induced sapphire surface hydrolysis on the growth process of 2D WS₂ and propose an ultraviolet light healing method to repair the degraded substrates.

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a p53 target but its role in cancer is unclear. Here Hu et al.show that LIF confers chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells by Stat3-mediated upregulation of inhibitor of DNA-binding 1, leading to MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase upregulation and p53 degradation.

In this Primer, Plikus and colleagues review the epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia, an inherited hair loss condition that affects both men and women, and highlight the current and emerging treatment and management options.

The use of Cu catalysts for the CO₂ reduction reaction is hindered by their poor stability. The authors find that traces dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte results in Cu dissolution/reconstruction and report an in-situ passivation strategy to prevent oxygen adsorption in high stability.

Protein secondary structures are visualized in situ by hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, revealing disordered to ordered changes in protein phase separation and structural heterogeneity of subcellular aggregates in live cells.

In a phase 1 trial, the co-infusion of CD19-targeting and BCMA-targeting CAR-T cells in adults with treatment-refractory lupus was safe and had promising efficacy, with most patients achieving remission after 3 months.

A lipid nanoparticle is used to deliver a base editor in vivo to haematopoietic stem cells in mice.

Potassium tert-butoxide is used in a precious-metal-free alkyl transfer strategy for synthesizing azaarenes and polyazaarenes from alkenes and nitriles via carbon–carbon bond cleavage. This method produces aryl methanes as the sole by-product and allows divergent synthesis of functionalized azaarenes, some of which exhibit visible-light photocatalytic reactivity.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Rap1 is a telomeric protein that is highly expressed in cancers. Here, the authors show that Rap1 interacts with several DNA repair proteins independent of its telomere function to enhance DNA repair and that its deficiency leads to accelerated tumorigenesis, but enhanced sensitivity to genotoxic stress.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

This study introduces the Cattle Cell Atlas, a single-cell expression resource including 1,793,854 cells from 59 tissues. Integrative analyses leveraging this atlas provide insights into the biology underlying bovine monogenic and complex traits.

Here the authors unveil the essential role of MCL-1 for adult hair follicle regeneration and inhibition of proliferation stress-induced apoptosis in mice. They also identify a P53/MCL-1/BAK axis balancing proliferation and death of activated hair follicle stem cells to ensure proper hair growth.

CRISPR-based diagnostics are often limited by complex workflows and poor validation. Here the authors develop and validate a one-pot asymmetric CRISPR assay, which permits rapid and sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis in a format which is suitable for resource-limited settings.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

Freestanding membranes of hafnium zirconium oxide can be created using pulsed laser deposition method and used as the top-gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors.

A dual genetic strategy enables the labelling and in vivo imaging of native long-term haematopoietic stem cells in the mouse calvarial bone marrow.

Here the authors identify RNA G-quadruplexes as temperature-sensitive regulators of alternative splicing and gene expression, opening potential therapeutic avenues such as neuroprotection with potassium channel blockers.

PLD4 loss-of-function mutations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus leads to excessive activation of TLR7 and TLR9.

Neural tissue is a key signalling centre for fundic–antral patterning in development of gastric organoids featuring asymmetric PDX1 patterning.

Yang et al. report that the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (FBL) affects acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell function through biomolecular condensation-dependent regulation of early pre-rRNA processing and translation.

Understanding brain function requires integrating neuronal structure, activity, and genes. Here, authors developed an optogenetic tool they name Pisces, to enable complete labeling of individual neurons’ morphology with functional and molecular profiling, allowing multimodal single-cell analysis in vivo in zebrafish.

This manuscript presents a non-contact ultrasonic system for large-scale additive manufacturing, where the low-intensity ultrasound without cavitation refines grains via dendrite fragmentation through acoustic streaming and Marangoni-driven melt flow.

Two recently discovered bird fossils from the Late Jurassic Zhenghe Fauna demonstrate that highly derived bird-like features and the origin of birds appeared much earlier in the Jurassic period than previously estimated.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Transposable elements are genetic parasites that have colonised genomes and they express as parts of coding and noncoding RNAs. Here, the authors explore how they are expressed in transcripts in normal human development, and how they alter transcript dynamics.

Two phase 2 trials, along with translational analysis of prospective cohorts and experimental analysis, indicate that immunosenescence as a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy can be overcome with the senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.