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Monoamine oxidase B is an enzyme that is unusually active in Parkinson’s disease, a feature that makes it an ideal diagnostic biomarker. Here, Li et al. create a highly specific fluorogenic probe that can selectively detect monoamine oxidase B activity in vivoto effectively diagnose Parkinson’s disease.

By optimizing gate structures and fabrication processes, carbon nanotube metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors can be fabricated that exhibit a cut-off frequency beyond 1 THz.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Graves et al. demonstrate that as the neurotransmitter dopamine cycles through the cytosol at release sites, it can be metabolized by a mitochondrial enzyme to help generate the energy necessary to sustain synaptic function.

Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Here this group reports an mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated microgel matrix for immune cell recruitment/antigen expression and presentation/cellular interaction thereby eliciting antitumor efficacy with a single dose.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Rapeseed production is often threatened by drought stress. Here, the authors report transcription factor BnaA9.NFYA7 negatively regulates rapeseed drought tolerance through ABA signal transduction pathway via feedback inhibition of the expression of BnaABF3/4s-related genes.

In a small trial of patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis, treatment with allogeneic T cells with a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor inserted into the T cell receptor locus and deletion of the PD-1 (PDCD1) gene were safe and associated with reduced disease activity.

Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient. Here Meng et al. show that low phosphorus availability stimulates hydrogen peroxide production which in turn promotes the oligomerization, nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of the PHR2 transcription factor and enhances the phosphate starvation response.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Chen et al. reveal that plastisphere viral communities possess habitat-dependent potential for modulating global methane cycling. In aquatic environments, these viruses significantly promote methane emissions, emphasizing the significance of viruses in plastic pollution risk assessments.

Using data from the UK Biobank, the authors develop a comprehensive human metabolome–phenome atlas, including a browsable web tool, to uncover unique metabolite–trait and metabolite–disease associations with time, and discuss potential causal relationships.

Hintiryan, Foster et al. present an online mouse cortico-striatal projectome describing projections from the entire cortex to dorsal striatum. Computational neuroanatomic analysis of these projections identified 29 distinct striatal domains. This connectomics approach was applied to characterize circuit-specific cortico-striatal connectopathies in a mouse model of Huntington disease and in monoamine oxidase (MAO) A/B knockout mice.

The ability to form pores in the plasma membrane of host airway epithelial cells is a common feature of many structurally diverse allergens that induce type 2 immune responses by stimulating IL-33 release and causing Ca²⁺ influx.

The authors develop a miniaturized Mg3Bi2-based thermoelectric cooler, achieving a high cooling power density of 5.7 W cm-2 and a cooling speed of 65 K s-1, demonstrating great promise for localized thermal management in electronics.

Drivers of viral evolution in SARS-CoV-2 are insufficiently understood. In this study, the authors show how a key SARS-CoV-2 mutation, NSP4 T492I, is potentially responsible for accelerating genome evolution to develop adaptive variants (e.g. Omicron).

This trial evaluated the immunogenicity and safety profiles of a bivalent aerosolized adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine and an intramuscular bivalent mRNA booster. The mRNA booster induced higher neutralizing antibody levels and a distinct memory B cell response, yet was associated with a higher incidence of adverse reactions.

This study shows how pressure induces local disorder and partial amorphization in CsPbBr₃, using total X-ray scattering and big-box modeling to reveal reversible structural changes at the atomic scale.

Rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections is vital for timely effective treatment. Here, Mao and Wan et al developed a method using a dual stem-loop DNA signal amplifier, to achieve ultrasensitive, rapid, amplification-free detection of pathogens from human serum.

Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) play a pivotal role in the cross-presentation of antigens, enabling efficient CD8 + T cell response. Here authors show that the transcription factor Zeb1 essentially regulates this process via facilitating the reactive-oxygen-species-dependent rupture of phagosomal membrane to allow antigen export to the cytoplasm.

Ferroptosis has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Here the authors report a study with male mice showing that the long non-coding RNA RSDR suppresses renal tubular cell ferroptosis in AKI by retaining nuclear hnRNPK and activating DHODH transcription

Using a dynamic-kinetic-resolution strategy and chiral phosphate salts as supporting electrolytes, racemic trivalent phosphines can be oxidized to afford enantioenriched phosphine oxides.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Spur-type of growth is preferred for apple production. Here, the authors employ the trio-based phasing approach to assemble a fully phased Fuji genome and reveal the association of a 167-bp deletion in the promoter region of the MdTCP11 gene with the spur-type varieties.

The rational design of diatomic catalysts faces challenges due to the numerous tunable parameters. Here, the authors report a geometric-electronic coupled design using machine learning-derived catalytic “hot spot maps” for screening diatomic catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction.

Cities are becoming hotter and brighter. Using satellite data on 428 Northern Hemisphere cities, this study found that artifical night lights outweighed hotter temperatures in lengthening urban growing seasons, with important implications for management.

While the STING-type-I interferon pathway plays a key role in anti-tumour immunity, current direct STING agonists have limited therapeutic benefit. Here, the authors identify ENPP1 as a safer and more effective STING-modulating target than direct STING agonism, and use an AI-based drug design platform to design the ENPP1-selective inhibitor ISM5939.

The realization of high-performance flexible perovskite/crystalline-silicon tandem solar cells requires efficient photocarrier transport and mitigation of residual stress. Here, authors reveal the critical role of perovskite phase homogeneity, achieving flexible devices with efficiency of 29.88%.

Silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond are emerging as promising quantum emitters for various applications. Here, authors devised a novel pulsed annealing scheme that improves the conversion efficiency of SiV centers in diamond.

Limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Asian populations results in a lack of representative reference panels, hindering imputation of Asian ancestry-specific genetic variants. Here the authors use WGS data from 11,067 individuals across 17 Asian countries to create a new reference panel which shows improved imputation accuracy for South Asian populations.

The use of ammonia as a nitrogen source in catalytic asymmetric reactions is attractive but represents a difficult exercise. Now, the asymmetric synthesis of N-unprotected α-amino esters from α-diazoesters and ammonia is achieved by cooperative action of copper complexes and chiral hydrogen-bond donors.

Amino acid changes in the envelope and non-structural 2A protein attenuate the virulent yellow fever virus (YFV) and enhance host antiviral responses upon infection in vivo. These traits explain the potency of the YFV vaccine.

ABA signaling is found to modulate global mRNA translation efficiency. GRP7 associates with ribosomes and directly binds to its target mRNAs. ABA suppresses GRP7&8 protein levels via its core signaling components and decreases global mRNA translation efficiency.

Previous hypotheses cannot fully explain the large lightning excess over land compared to ocean. It is found that coarse sea spray that create large drops precipitates cloud water before it can freeze, thus robbing the fuel for cloud electrification