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The upper atmosphere of Venus rotates much faster than the planet itself. An anomalous stationary structure observed by the Akatsuki mission at the cloud tops of Venus could be an atmospheric gravity wave induced by mountain topography below.

In the observational SCRUM-Japan GOZILA study, after a median follow-up of 11 months, patients with metastatic gastrointestinal tumors who received biomarker-matched therapies based on circulating tumor DNA profiling showed a greater clinical benefit than those receiving unmatched therapy.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

Antimicrobial resistance to currently available antibiotics requires innovation of antibiotics. Here, the authors identify a critical inhibitory site in an energy-producing enzyme, which can lead to rational design of antibiotics.

Meguro et al. show an accumulation of p16^high senescent fibroblasts in the aging bladder that serves as a cancer-permissive niche and promotes tumor growth by secreting CXCL12. Inhibition of senescence or CXCL12 signaling suppresses bladder tumor growth.

DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are used for the treatment of myeloid malignancies, but their therapeutic effects are not satisfactory. Here, the authors show that inhibition of TOPORS, which encodes a ubiquitin E3 ligase, augments the efficacy of HMAs through DNMT1 stabilization.

An observational study on a large cohort of patients with gastrointestinal cancer demonstrates the utility of ctDNA analysis for accelerating the enrollment of patients in clinical trials with no accompanying deterioration in treatment efficacy.

Plasma membrane damage (PMD) can induce cell death or be repaired, whereas other cell fates are not well explored. In this study, the authors found that PMD induces senescence in yeast and human fibroblasts in a manner that is distinct from DNA damage-dependent senescence. They present transcriptomic data suggesting that this PMD response may explain the origins of senescent cells near cutaneous wounds.

Glutamate transporters mediate neurotransmitter reuptake at glutamatergic synapses. Here the authors show that CDC42 effector protein CDC42EP4 supports efficient glutamate clearance by promoting the tethering of a glutamate transporter GLAST to perisynaptic clusters of septins in Bergmann glia.

Faecal carbohydrates, particularly host-accessible monosaccharides, are increased in individuals with insulin resistance and are associated with microbial carbohydrate metabolisms and host inflammatory cytokines.

Many age-related disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, are associated with protein misfolding. Here, the authors identify LONRF2 as a protein quality control ubiquitin ligase that is expressed in neurons and ubiquitylates misfolded TDP-43 and hnRNP M1 and show that loss of Lonrf2 in mice results in late-onset motor neuron degeneration, whereas its ectopic expression partially rescued the phenotypes observed in motor neurons derived from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

On 11 June 2009 the World Health Organization declared that the infections caused by a new strain of influenza A virus closely related to swine viruses had reached pandemic levels. Here, one of the first US isolates of the new swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus (S-OIV) is characterized, as well as several other S-OIV isolates, both in vitro and in vivo.

PD-L1 expression by senescent cells renders them resistant to clearance by CD8 T cells, suggesting PD-L1 as a target for mitigating the effects of ageing.

DNA origami involves the folding of long single-stranded DNA into designed structures that may aid the development of useful nanomechanical DNA devices. In this study, DNA origami pliers and forceps are shown to undergo conformational changes on single-molecule binding.

In this study, the authors report primordial aqueous alteration signatures in water-soluble organic molecules from the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu. This provides evidence o coevolutionary aqueous alteration between water and organics in this asteroid.

Cloud-top thermal images obtained by the Akatsuki orbiter show that Venus has almost null mean meridional circulation at the cloud top, because poleward circulation on the dayside is offset by equatorward circulation on the nightside.

In a Mott insulator, strong repulsive interactions suppress conductivity. Such behaviour has been demonstrated, individually, for both bosonic and fermionic atoms confined to optical lattices. Now, a dual Mott insulator of bosons and fermions has been realized, and interspecies interaction are found to markedly modify each Mott insulator.

The asteroid Ryugu samples are by far the freshest extraterrestrial carbonaceous material. The authors report soluble ions and organic sulfur molecules linked with primordial brine and prebiotic organic evolution of the primitive asteroid.

In these new reports, three different research groups independently find that various T cell populations are crucial mediators of obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. They also show that pharmacological approaches that target these T cells are beneficial, thus opening the door to possible new therapeutic approaches to treating obesity-related diseases such as diabetes (pages 846–847, 921–929 and 930–939).

Molecular dynamics simulation of chitosan and anionic oligosaccharides was conduced to elucidate the formation mechanism and structure of polyion complex (PIC) of polysaccharides. The association of oligosaccharides with scrambled structure indicated that PIC of polysaccharides takes on the structure of “Scrambled egg model”. The formation of hydrogen bond between deprotonated chitosan and anionic oligosaccharides suggested that hydrogen bonds contribute to the stabilization of PIC under neutral condition.

High-resolution X-ray spectra show near-solar abundances of chromium, manganese and nickel with respect to iron in the Perseus cluster, suggesting that the progenitors of type Ia supernovae could be near- and sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs.

Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD), a common feature of cancer genomes, is associated with gain-of-function mutations of proto-oncogenes as well as with loss-of-function mutations of tumour suppressor genes. Here, gain-of-function mutations of the C-CBL tumour suppressor are shown to be tightly associated with aUPD of the 11q arm in certain myeloid neoplasms.