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Sambaquis are archaeological shellmounds found in Brazil. Here, the authors use archaeological and molecular methods to show southern right whale, humpback whale, and dolphin were exploited 5000 years ago by Sambaqui groups to manufacture whale-bone harpoons and other artefacts.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Systematic characterization of longitudinal tau variability in human Alzheimer’s disease using an unbiased subtyping algorithm reveals four trajectories of tau deposition with distinct clinical features.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

Daily oxidation–reduction cycles of peroxiredoxin proteins are shown to be conserved in all domains of life, including Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota.

Polymer electrolytes provide a safe solution for future solid-state high-energy-density batteries, but combining high ionic conductivity and a high transference number is a challenge. A polymeric ionic liquid used as a polymer solvent is now shown to be promising for both sodium and potassium batteries.

Rechargeable batteries with sodium metal anodes are promising as energy-storage systems despite safety concerns related to reactivity and dendrite formation. Solvent-free perfluoropolyether-based electrolytes are now reported for safe and stable all-solid-state sodium metal batteries.

Dierl, Hinsen et al. investigate long term pulmonary toxicity in pediatric cancer survivors by the use of Free-breathing phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI on a low-field system. Subclinical and time-dependent reduction in pulmonary ventilation and perfusion is revealed.

Many bacteria use the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) to control motility, biofilm production and virulence. Here, the authors identify a thermosensitive enzyme that synthesizes c-di-GMP and modulates temperature-dependent motility, biofilm development and virulence in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

RNA base editing enables a precise, reversible and doseable change of genetic information. Here, authors propose base editing as a method to control post-translational modifications via removal of regulatory phosphorylation and acetylation sites, applying the approach to modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway via editing of wildtype alleles.

A study describes the split integrated stress response, a cellular stress response mechanism characterized by reduced eIF2B activity without eIF2α phosphorylation, which activates the eIF4E–ATF4–PCK2 axis, enabling metabolic reprogramming.

The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease pathology remains insufficiently characterized. Here, the authors show that aggravated astrocyte response to Aβ causes brain inflammation, and amyloid and tau co-morbidity, driven by aberrant induction of δ secretase.

Although the transformation of bacteria due to the presence of contaminants in wastewater is often attributed to geometrical aspects, studying the impact of physical and chemical stressors shows that geometry is not the only factor to be taken into account.

In this Consensus Statement, an international panel of experts present an overview of the latest developments in the field of cholangiocarcinoma. A set of consensus recommendations and research priorities is provided.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

In 1,088 pregnant individuals, assessment of abnormal serum angiogenic factors is demonstrated to be noninferior to the standard clinical approach based on estimated fetal weight and Doppler percentiles for the identification of fetuses at a higher risk of neonatal acidosis or Cesarean delivery, thus offering a beneficial option in settings where Doppler or experienced sonographers are not readily available.

The L protein of segmented, negative strand RNA viruses contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase essential for virus amplification. Here, the authors report cryoEM structures of the Lassa virus L protein in active, RNA-bound states, and provide mechanistic insights.

The tau protein is theorized to spread transneuronally in Alzheimers disease, though this theory remains unproven in humans. Our simulations of epidemic-like protein spreading across human brain networks support this theory, and suggest the spreading dynamics are modified by β-amyloid

Transposon directed insertion–site sequencing (TraDIS) is used to identify T6SS toxins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, leading to the discovery of Tse8 as a protein that is delivered to target cells where it alters the stoichiometry of the transamidosome complex and thereby inhibits protein synthesis.

Li⁺-selective solid electrolytes may enable next-generation battery systems, such as Li–S and Li–O₂. Now, in an exemplar system, it is shown that a resistive interphase forms at the interface between solid and liquid electrolytes, termed the solid-liquid electrolyte interphase (SLEI). An in situ study of this undesirable effect is supported by state-of-the-art surface analysis.

This study presents a continuous fossil record, extracted from a series of sediment cores, that shows how haplochromine cichlids came to dominate the fish fauna of Lake Victoria in Africa.

Fibronectin fibres are an important component of the extracellular matrix, supporting cell adhesion, growth and migration. Here the authors combine site-specific protein labelling with single-molecule localization microscopy to provide detailed insights into the molecular organization of native fibronectin fibrils.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Data collected from 138,015 hospital-based singleton births in four sub-Saharan African countries revealed an association between heat exposure in the week leading up to the birth and perinatal mortality.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study for body mass index. They identify 18 new loci associated with this trait, some of which map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance.

The development of scalable chiral photonic structures is a challenging task. Here, the authors use soft lithography with colloidal plasmonic inks to create chiral plasmonic arrays that enable nanophotonic films with strong chiroptical response.

A newly developed RIPK3 inhibitor blocks necroptosis of lung cells, reduces lung inflammation and prevents mortality in a mouse model of influenza A virus infection.

The PI3K–PTEN signalling pathway is a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Brunner et al. find that cell-intrinsic PI3K signalling allows adipose tissue macrophages to buffer obesity-induced lipotoxicity by promoting lipid uptake and catabolism.

Swarm Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that outperforms classifiers developed at individual sites for COVID-19 and other diseases while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

Saloner et al. used large-scale cerebrospinal fluid proteomics to uncover molecular signatures in frontotemporal dementia, revealing RNA splicing and synaptic protein candidate markers for genetic and sporadic disease progression.

Prostate cancer (PrCa) involves a large heritable genetic component. Here, the authors perform multivariate fine-mapping of known PrCa GWAS loci, identifying variants enriched for biological function, explaining more familial relative risk, and with potential application in clinical risk profiling.

Tau accumulation is associated with disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Here the authors use resting state fMRI and tau-PET to demonstrate that baseline connectivity in Alzheimer's disease is associated with tau spreading.

Here, the authors report the cryoEM structure of AA amyloid from a cat shelter with extreme disease prevalence and reveal the feline-specific sequence insert in the fibril core. The sequence is 99% identical to AA amyloid from cheetah with reported prion-like transmission in zoos.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Colitis-associated cancers (CACs) develop in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and have distinct genomic features compared to sporadic colorectal cancers. Here, the authors characterize the genomic alterations of CAC tumors and dysplasia, finding decreased Wnt signaling and a lack of shared early genetic steps.

Organic peroxy radicals play a pivotal role in producing highly oxygenated organic molecules but the formation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the authors show in-situ characterization of peroxy radicals and dimer structures in the gas-phase, using online tandem mass spectrometry analyses.

Seismic amplifications arise from several cycles of circular recombination of circular extrachromosomal DNA formed as a result of chromothripsis. The process provides a mechanism for oncogene amplification in a number of different human tumor types.