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Seismological and geodetic data are used together with a machine learning earthquake catalogue to reconstruct magma migration before and during the 2025 volcano–tectonic crisis at Santorini volcano, indicating a coupling between Santorini and Kolumbo.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Here, the authors map X-chromosome activity during female mouse germ cell reprogramming, revealing gradual, region-specific gene reactivation. Some genes resist reactivation, retaining epigenetic memory, offering insights into female germline epigenetics.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

For synthetic fuels to aid in a transition towards cleaner transportation, they must fulfil criteria related to scalability, compatibility with existing infrastructure and environmental impacts. Here the authors show that hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch fuels comprising optimized alkane–alcohol blends are promising candidates when judged by these metrics.

Gene drives are genetic modifications designed to propagate efficiently through a population. Here, the authors develop a viral gene drive against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and show that it propagates efficiently during HSV-1 infection in mice.

Mutations in proteins that localize to primary cilia cause devastating diseases, yet the primary cilium is a poorly understood organelle. Here the authors use interaction proteomics to identify a network of human ciliary proteins that provides new insights into several biological processes and diseases.

Thouless pumping is the quantization of charge transport through the adiabatic variation of a system’s parameters. The robustness and breakdown of pumping under variations in interparticle interactions have now been shown with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice.

Kras is often mutated in colorectal cancer but how this oncogenic mutation alters signalling pathways globally is undetermined. Here, the authors analyse how this mutation affects protein interaction networks and signal flow showing an extensive re‐wiring of signalling in response to KRas mutation

It is unclear whether bird migration patterns are restricted to interglacial periods or are maintained during glacial maxima. Somveille et al. apply a global migration simulation model to climate reconstruction to show that the prevalence of this phenomenon has likely been largely maintained up to 50,000 years ago.

Déborah Bourc’his and colleagues report that mouse embryos deficient for Liz (long isoform of Zdbf2) develop normally but fail to activate Zdbf2 in the postnatal brain and show growth reduction. These data suggest that transcription during an early embryonic stage may program a stable epigenetic state with later physiological consequences.

By probing the epigenome in differentiating DNA methylation-free murine ESCs, the authors uncover a subset of germline and neural enhancers sensitive to DNA methylation. Failure to decommission these elements leads to biased adoption of these fates over other lineages.

Threespine stickleback fish are adapted to lake and stream habitats in Central Europe. Here, the authors show colonization of a lake basin by a stream-adapted ancestor, followed by the emergence of a lake-adapted population in the face of gene flow across lake–stream boundaries.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies are devastating neurological disorders. Here, the authors establish a cohort of patients with variants in the gene DENND5A and use human stem cells to discover a disease mechanism involving altered cell division.

Previous studies suggested the importance of intestinal tryptophan metabolism for gut homeostasis and potential systemic effects but its role in atherosclerosis remains poorly studied. Here, the authors show that the specific deletion of intestinal IDO increases gut inflammation with remote effects on atherosclerosis that can be reversed through inhibiting intestinal serotonin production.

Current gene drive strategies are restricted to sexually reproducing species. Here the authors develop a gene drive in herpesviruses that allows the spread of an engineered trait through a viral population.

The molecular nature of large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNEC) has remained unclear. Here, the authors show LCNECs represent a distinct transcriptional subgroup among lung cancers and comprise two molecular subgroups, type I (TP53 and STK11/KEAP1 alterations) and type II (TP53 and RB1 inactivation).

Solar power desalination is a promising technology for clean water production in off-grid locations. Now a time-variant version of this technology overcomes the solar power intermittency that such desalination plants suffer from, hence reducing the need for costly batteries

Heterotopic ossification is a disorder characterized by the transformation of soft tissue to bone. In this study the authors report heterotopic ossification in a child caused by enhancer hijacking at the ARHGAP36 gene, the ectopic activation by an enhancer that it not its own.

Ingression of magmatic gas into a geothermal aquifer generated cyclical deformation and primed the system for the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland, according to a catalogue of 39,500 precursory earthquakes combined with a poroelastic model.

During SARS-CoV-2 replication, viral and cellular proteases play crucial roles and have been shown to be promising anti-viral targets. Here, Meyer et al. apply mass spectrometry to characterize the proteolytic cleavage profile of viral and cellular proteins in vitro.

Empirical examples documenting the pace of adaptation across the whole genome in wild populations are scarce. Here the authors study wild stickleback populations from lake and stream habitats and show that there is a genome-wide signature of adaptation to stream habitats within just one generation.

This study describes the mechanisms of FOXO1-mediated repression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HIV-1 latency. The authors propose a model where inhibition of FOXO1 activity promotes protein accumulation in the ER leading to ER stress signalling and calcium release, which mobilizes ATF4 and NFAT and activates HIV-1 transcription.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.