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Hakon Hakonarson and colleagues report the discovery of five new regions associated with susceptibility to early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. They also identify multiple loci previously implicated in the etiology of adult-onset Crohn's disease and/or ulcerative colitis as risk factors for early-onset forms of these diseases.

Strain richness of gut microbiota ecosystems is a key characteristic underpinning engraftment in faecal microbiota transplantation, and could improve the design of defined live biotherapeutic products with predictable outcomes.

Mark Daly, Manuel Rivas and colleagues used next-generation sequencing to study the coding exons of 56 genes from regions previously associated with Crohn's disease. Follow-up analyses in independent case-control series confirmed association of many newly discovered rare variants with disease risk.

Multi-modal profiling reveals major alterations in colonic B cells in patients with ulcerative colitis, including reduced clonal diversity of plasma cells, and suggests that circulating gut-homing plasmablasts could serve as a biomarker for disease activity.

Autoimmune diseases are genetically complex disorders that affect up to 10% of the Western population. Here Li et al. quantify the heritability of a range of autoimmune diseases in the largest paediatric cohort examined to date, illustrating that genetic and non-genetic components variably contribute to the susceptibility of each disease.

A meta-analysis across ten pediatric autoimmune diseases reveals shared genetic architecture and novel susceptibility loci.

The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to evolve. This Review is a practical guide on the therapeutic toolkit for IBD, with a focus on current and emerging IBD medications, how they relate to management strategies beyond drugs and the importance of the clinician–patient relationship.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease with substantial burden worldwide. In this Consensus Statement, a global multidisciplinary group of experts identify key priorities and recommendations to raise awareness and advance IBD care and research.

Greg Gibson and colleagues integrate summary-level GWAS and eQTL data with RNA-seq data from a cohort of pediatric Crohn's disease and report transcriptional risk scores that identify patients who will progress to complicated disease. Their dissection of eQTL effects may be used to distinguish genes whose association with disease is through promotion or protection.

Mark Seielstad and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association and replication study of ulcerative colitis. The work identifies several new risk loci for this disease and provides further insight into the shared pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Kyuyoung Song and colleagues report the results of a two-stage association study of thiopurine-induced early leukopenia in individuals undergoing treatment for Crohn's disease. They find a missense variant in NUDT15 associated with substantially higher risk of developing this life-threatening complication to thiopurine therapy.

A meta-analysis of previous genome-wide association studies of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the two most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls, finds that most loci contribute to both phenotypes and other immune-mediated disorders.

Miles Parkes and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication study for Crohn's disease. They identify 30 new susceptibility loci for this inflammatory bowel disease and implicate several interesting candidate genes in disease pathogenesis.

John Rioux and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of ulcerative colitis. They identify 29 new risk loci for this inflammatory disease and show that many risk loci are shared between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

In this Expert Recommendation, Uhlig and colleagues review the therapeutic landscape for monogenic inflammatory bowel disease and propose recommendations for standardized reporting of clinical outcomes.

Most of the more than 200 known genetic risk loci for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reside in regulatory regions. Here, the authors provide eQTL datasets for six circulating immune cell types and ileal, colonic and rectal biopsies to map regulatory modules and identify potential causative genes for IBD.

John Rioux, Andre Franke, Tom Karlsen and colleagues perform a fine-mapping study of the HLA region in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. They identify a primary role for HLA-DRB1*01:03 in both diseases and find evidence of heterozygous advantage in protection against ulcerative colitis.