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Understanding how regulators of inflammation affect nucleic acid sensing is important for targeting research against inflammatory diseases and conditions. Here, the authors identify Nrf2 as an important negative regulator of STING and suggest a link between metabolic reprogramming and antiviral cytosolic DNA sensing in human cells.

Analyses of data from 137 forest plots across 20 European countries show that ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity is strongly influenced by environmental and host species factors and provide thresholds to inform ecosystem assessment tools

Complex, reworked sediments on a young volcanic seafloor are closely linked to highly variable ocean currents around a seamount, according to in-situ, high-resolution footage collected at a 1-km water depth.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

A protocol detailing the assembly of an adaptive optics two-photon microscope setup and the guidestar-assisted shaping of the wavefront for imaging throughout the mouse neocortex at synaptic resolution.

Single-cell analysis of the transcriptome, chromatin accessibility and methylome of adult neural stem cells and astrocytes demonstrates that stemness is driven by methylation profiles distinct from those of astrocytes.

Using ultraviolet data as well as a comprehensive set of further multiwavelength observations of the supernova 2023ixf, a reliable bolometric light curve is derived that indicates the heating nature of the early emission.

Over half the world’s rivers dry periodically, yet little is known about the biological communities in dry riverbeds. This study examines biodiversity across 84 non-perennial rivers in 19 countries using DNA metabarcoding. It finds that nutrient availability, climate and biotic interactions influence the biodiversity of these dry environments.

Treadmilling of cytoskeletal filaments is crucial for their functional self-organization. Now the mechanism underpinning this collective organization is shown to be the dissolution of misaligned filaments.

Forest carbon source and sink processes may have contrasting climatic sensitivities. This analysis on 177 coniferous forest sites shows that carbon fluxes and wood formation are coupled but not fully synchronous at intra-annual scales, with peaks in cambial activity preceding those in photosynthesis and respiration.

Through the approach of paracrystallization under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, exceptional toughening has been achieved in oxide glasses by enhancing their crystal-like medium-range order structure. This discovery offers possibilities for the design of more resilient glass materials.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is efficient in certain haematologic malignancies, but clinical success in solid tumours has been hampered by scarcity of tumour-specific antigens. Here authors show that combination therapy using CAR T cells targeting p95HER2 and bispecific antibodies against HER2 and CD3 consistently leads to complete regression in HER2-positive, patient-derived xenografts tumours in mouse models.

3D printing offers flexibility in fabrication of polymer objects but fabrication of large polymer structures with micrometer-sized geometrical features are challenging. Here, the authors introduce a method combining advantages of 3D printing and polymerization-induced phase separation, which enables formation of 3D polymer structures with controllable inherent porosity.

IL-27RA–IL-27 has a critical role in the immunity to EBV, and this defence is hijacked by Epstein–Barr virus to promote the expansion of infected transformed B cells

Generally cubosomes are formed by the self-assembly of surfactants such as lipids and are used as adsorbents or in host-guest applications. Here the authors have shown that an amphiphilic block copolymer can form nanoscale cuboidal particles with a bicontinuous cubic phase.

The authors find that 40-Hz flickering light does not suppress Aβ, activate microglia or engage native gamma oscillations. Thus, visual flicker stimulation may not be a viable mechanism for altering AD pathology and modulating deep structures.

The insurance hypothesis posits that more diverse communities are more stable through time. Here, the authors show that plant biodiversity reduces the spatial variability of productivity in grassland communities, demonstrating that the insurance hypothesis applies also across space.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can be used to treat infections but there is a risk of driving viral resistance to antibodies. Here the authors characterise SARS-CoV-2 escape mutants from an immunocompromised patient treated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using mouse protection studies and structural prediction.

Magnetic endoscopes have the potential to improve access, reduce patient discomfort and enhance safety. While navigation of magnetic endoscopes can be challenging for the operator, a new approach by Martin, Scaglioni and colleagues explores how to reduce this burden by offering different levels of autonomy in robotic colonoscopy.

Serine recombinases are proposed to catalyse DNA site-specific recombination by a unique mechanism called subunit rotation. Here, the authors use single molecule FRET to provide direct structural and kinetic evidence for subunit rotation by two distantly related recombinases, Tn3 resolvase and Sin.

García-Prat, Perdiguero, Alonso-Martín et al. show that skeletal muscle contains a subpopulation of quiescent stem cells, maintained by FoxO signalling, that is preserved into late life but declines in advanced geriatric age.

Here the authors systematically benchmark cryo-electron tomography acquisition schemes to optimize the attainable resolution for subtomogram averaging, and find that dose-symmetric acquisition with even angular sampling provides a better outcome than most currently used acquisition schemes.

Experiments performed in the CERN CLOUD chamber show that, under upper-tropospheric conditions, new atmospheric particle formation may be initiated by the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with isoprene emitted by rainforests.

The evolutionary origin of habenular asymmetries is elusive. Here they show morphological and molecular conservations indicative of an ancient origin in vertebrates and identify Wnt signaling as a core mechanism underlying their formation and diversification.

Meta-analyses in up to 1.3 million individuals identify 87 rare-variant associations with blood pressure traits. On average, rare variants exhibit effects ~8 times larger than the mean effects of common variants and implicate candidate causal genes at associated regions.

Genome-wide association analyses of intracranial and nine subcortical brain volumes in 74,898 participants of European ancestry identify 254 independent loci and yield polygenic scores accounting for brain variation across ancestries.

Mercury isotope signatures in groundwater, soil gas, solid peat, and atmosphere suggest that dark abiotic reduction of peat soil Hg^II to volatile Hg⁰ does not play a significant role in mobilizing Hg during peat mass loss

Earthquakes enhance dissolved carbon production and fuel the microbial activities in hadal trench subsurface sediments, and ultimately strengthen carbon accumulation and transformation in the subduction zones.

JWST observations of the planetary nebula NGC 3132 reveal a rich molecular environment containing evidence of multiple stellar interactions on a variety of scales.

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photodynamic cancer treatments is limited by low intraturmoural oxygen availability. Here the authors show that irradiation of a silicon phthalocyanine leads to uncaging of a biologically active molecule or to ROS formation in an oxygen-dependent manner.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.