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We uncover key processes of the genomic evolution of small cell lung cancer under therapy, identify the common ancestor as the source of clonal diversity at relapse and show central genomic patterns associated with drug response.

The dynamics of actin cytoskeleton is essential to the function of living cells. Here, Foffanoet al. describe a nonequilibrium filament model to mimic the formation of cytoskeleton and pinpoint the key role played by the actin entanglement during the transition from homogeneous to bundled networks.

This paper proposes a framework to assess systemic risks that compound and cascade within and between systems. This emphasizes political economy and transformations, as well as trans-disciplinarity and diverse participation, evidence and methods.

Nanoscale superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) fabricated on the apex of a sharp tip can provide spin sensitivities that are nearly two orders of magnitude better than previous SQUID sensors.

COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions impacted the circulation of other pathogens. Here, the authors compile a global viral activity dataset and compare the timing of resurgence of seven common respiratory viruses following the relaxation of interventions across different geographical regions.

Fe-exchanged zeolite catalysts are known for their ability to remediate NO_x and N₂O emissions, but their reactivity in mixed streams of NO and N₂O remains unclear. Now a suite of operando spectroscopies reveals the active Fe species involved in the process and their synergistic effect during the simultaneous conversion of these pollutants.

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway transports folded proteins across membranes in bacteria and plant chloroplasts; the crystal structure of TatC, an integral membrane protein and core component of this complex, is now presented.

Through their effects on soil hydraulic properties, soil texture and sand content are shown to have broad implications for the terrestrial water cycle and carbon sink, and specific implications for vital ecosystems that are vulnerable to drought, especially with changing climate.

Colorectal cancer metastasis involves dramatic plasticity and loss of PROX1-mediated repression of non-intestinal lineages.

The success of CAR T cell therapies against solid tumors remains limited. Here the authors report the results of a phase 1 trial of PSCA-directed autologous CAR-T cells with pharmacological activation by rimiducid in patients with metastatic pancreatic or prostate cancer.

An uncharacterized influenza A-like virus (H17N10) has been detected in bats. Here the authors show that flu viruses containing certain H17N10 genes can infect human cells and mice, but do not exchange genes with other viruses, indicating that H17N10 transmission to humans is not very likely.

This study provides mechanistic insights into how the mycobacterial transcription factor HelD gradually dissociates from RNAP during transcription initiation and protects RNAP from rifampicin until the last possible moment.

The authors report thermally activated delayed fluorescence in rigid planar donor-acceptor molecules achieving decoupling of ground and excited states through a bonding/antibonding connectivity between donor and acceptor without alarge dihedral twist angle between them.

Benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen with no safe level of exposure. Here, by creating and decorating a structural defect in a metal–organic framework to form MIL-125-Zn, a benzene uptake of 7.63 mmol g^–1 at 1.2 mbar is observed due to binding to Zn(II) sites.

Bose–Einstein condensation has been observed in several physical systems, but is not predicted to occur for blackbody radiation such as photons. However, it becomes theoretically possible in the presence of thermalization processes that conserve photon number. These authors experimentally realise such conditions, observing Bose–Einstein condensation of photons in a dye-filled optical microcavity. The effect is of interest for fundamental studies and may lead to new coherent ultraviolet sources.

Using satellite and survey data, an ancient river landscape 300 km wide has been discovered buried and preserved beneath the ice in East Antarctica. It has likely survived largely intact for up to 34 million years since before ice sheet growth.

Plectasin, a natural host defence peptide of fungal origin, uses a calcium-sensitive supramolecular killing mechanism to block bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Antifungal triazoles inhibit biosynthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of the fungal plasma membrane. Here, Xie et al. show that Erg6, the enzyme that catalyzes a previous step in ergosterol biosynthesis, is essential for the viability of Aspergillus fumigatus, and its repression reduces the virulence of this fungal pathogen in an animal model of infection.

Using intergenic regions and coalescent methods to analyse the genomes of 363 bird species, the authors present a well-supported tree confirming that Neoaves experienced rapid radiation at or near the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary.

The authors uncover a coherent, long-range transport of excitons in organic semiconductors that are strongly coupled to spatially structured plasmon fields by tracing ultrafast Rabi oscillations using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.

Constitutive laws underlie most physical processes, but understanding chemo-mechanical expansion in heterogeneous solids is challenging. A physically constrained image-learning approach is now proposed to obtain fundamental insight into dislocations inside battery electrodes.

It remains unclear how urban emissions influence the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), including in the Amazon forest. Here, the authors simulate the formation of SOAs in the Amazon using a high-resolution regional chemical transport model. They find that urban emissions of NOx from Manaus enhance the production of biogenic SOA by 60–200%.

On-surface synthesis enables highly reactive structures to be produced under vacuum, but they need to be passivated to be incorporated into practical devices. Here, the facile protection of air-sensitive chiral graphene nanoribbons has been shown, by either hydrogenation or synthesis of an oxidized form. The chemically stable forms can subsequently be deprotected.

This paper presents a comprehensive set of experiments in which polaritons are excited in a semiconductor microcavity. Above a critical density of polaritons, massive occupation of the ground state at 19 K is observed and various pieces of experimental evidence point to a spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase.

Achieving a form of coupling between molecular content, chemical reactions, and chassis in synthetic compartments represents a key step to the assembly of evolvable protocells but remains challenging. Here, the authors design coacervate droplets that promote non-enzymatic oligonucleotide polymerization and that restructure as a result of the reaction dynamics.

Cibisatamab is a T-cell bispecific antibody targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on tumor cells and CD3 epsilon chain on T cells. Here the authors report the results of two clinical trials of cibisatamab as monotherapy (NCT02324257) and in combination with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1; NCT02650713) in patients with CEA-positive solid tumors.

Pulsed electron-electron double resonance spectroscopy (PELDOR/DEER) and single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer spectroscopy (smFRET) are used to determine conformational changes and probe distances in biological macromolecules. Here the authors compare the methods on a large set of samples.

Optically rewritable surface phonon–polariton resonators are demonstrated in a system combining phase-change materials that can reversibly switch between amorphous and crystalline phases, with polar crystals that support surface phonon–polaritons.

Non-equilibrium and collective behaviors such as phase transitions in optical systems can lead to interesting applications in photonics. Here the authors demonstrate spectral phase transition in a ubiquitous nonlinear driven-dissipative system, the optical parametric oscillator.

This study provides a systematic approach to explore how blood group expression is regulated by transcription factors. As proof-of-principle, the genetic basis underlying the very low levels of CR1 on red cells of the Helgeson phenotype is explained.

All-electrical generation, manipulation and detection of spin polarization in chiral nanowires is demonstrated.

Integrative analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets across mouse gastrulation and organogenesis identifies cell states and trajectories at successive developmental stages, along with transcription factors that could potentially mediate lineage choices.

Solid ammonium nitrate particles are formed in the upper troposphere during the Asian monsoons, which bring large amounts of ground ammonia to this altitude, according to integrated analyses of measurements on ammoniated aerosol, together with model simulations.

IL6-STAT3 signaling is activated in prostate cancer, however inhibiting this pathway has not lead to a survival advantage in patients. Here, Pencik et al.show that loss of the IL6-STAT3 axis in mice and humans leads to metastasis due to loss of ARF, unravelling STAT3 and ARF as potential prognostic markers in prostate cancer.

“In subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), therapies are limited and clinical outcomes remain disappointing. The authors show a contribution of the urotensin II system in microvascular changes, vasospasm, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits post-SAH, primarily through meningeal cells and border-associated macrophages