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The phase separation of two species of associating polymers is suppressed by a magic-number effect for certain combinations of the numbers of binding sites. Here the authors use lattice simulations and analytical calculations to show that this magic-number effect can be greatly enhanced if one component has a rigid shape.

VirtualMultiplexer is a generative AI tool that produces realistic multiplexed immunohistochemistry images from tissue biopsies. The generated images could be used to improve clinical predictions, enhancing histopathology workflows and accelerating cancer research.

Functional mutations identified in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome, in the formin and actin nucleator DAAM2, uncover signal-regulated nuclear actin assembly at a steroid hormone receptor necessary for transcription.

The authors collate literature on the responses of bird assemblages to forest loss and show that locations with a more variable natural environment and a longer history of agricultural land use have bird assemblages that are more tolerant to forest loss.

Entanglement between single photons and solid-state emitters is a key component for photonic quantum computing and networks. Here, using a single electron spin in a quantum dot, the authors present a deterministic photon source achieving three-qubit entanglement of one electron spin and two photons.

Mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PSEN1) cause autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). Here, the authors perform single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of ADAD and other disease risk modifying variant carriers and report altered expression states of specific brain cell types.

For single-cell RNA-seq experiments the sequencing budget is limited, and how it should be optimally allocated to maximize information is not clear. Here the authors develop a mathematical framework to show that, for estimating many gene properties, the optimal allocation is to sequence at the depth of one read per cell per gene.

Stabl selects sparse and reliable biomarker candidates from predictive models.

PRS-CSx is a polygenic risk score construction method that improves cross-population polygenic prediction by integrating GWAS summary statistics from multiple populations.

In many machine learning applications, one uses pre-trained neural networks, having limited access to training and test data. Martin et al. show how to predict trends in the quality of such neural networks without access to this information, relevant for reproducibility, diagnostics, and validation.

Artificial neural networks can be trained using backpropagation because of the sophisticated digital hardware they run on. Here, the authors show how many simple physical systems can autonomously be trained to perform complex computations without needing to interface with any digital hardware.

Viruses exhibit complex interactions and physical properties, yet their behavior in confined spaces remains largely unexplored. Authors develop a real-time detection method for single virus transport through synthetic nanopores, revealing a jamming phenomenon due to viral interactions and confinement

Inspired by insects in nature, the authors develop a neuromorphic robotic system with obstacle avoidance, tunnel centering and gap crossing capabilities. Their robotic system accomplishes these multiple capabilities by steering towards regions of low apparent motion.

Global-scale analyses of marine, terrestrial and freshwater assemblages found that temporal rates of species replacement were faster in locations with faster temperature change, including warming and cooling, and vulnerable assemblages were especially responsive.

Electron-chirality interactions affect charge and spin transport in chiral conductors. Here, the authors show that helicene-based single-molecule junctions behave as a magnetic-diode and spin-valve device, enabling the identification of an atomic-scale coexistence of different electron-chirality interactions.

Tensor networks exploit the structure of turbulence to offer a compressed description of flows, which leads to efficient fluid simulation algorithms that can be implemented on both classical and quantum computers.

Nuclear organization impacts allelic exclusion. Here, the authors describe a self-limiting protein bridge that connects two chromosomes, and two transcription and splicing compartments, to maintain monogenic VSG expression in the African trypanosome.

Ilievski et al. examine differences and similarities in the various ways human and AI systems generalize. The insights are important for effectively supporting alignment in human–AI teams.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

Chen et al. report that TGF-β signalling, although largely considered anti-inflammatory, has proinflammatory effects on endothelial cells. Inhibition of endothelial TGF-β signalling decreases atherosclerosis in mice and reverts established plaques, in part by decreasing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Lavdovskaia, Hanitsch, Linden et al. provide a comprehensive roadmap of mitoribosome biogenesis and establish that mitochondria use a unique pathway for the assembly of their translation machinery.

Land use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity change and ecosystem functioning. Here the authors identify thresholds of grassland plant community structure and stability in response to land use intensification.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Tandem mass spectroscopy is a useful tool to identify metabolites but is limited by the capability of computational methods to annotate peaks with chemical structures when spectra are dissimilar to previously observed spectra. Goldman and colleagues use a transformer-based method to annotate chemical structure fragments, thereby incorporating domain insights into its architecture, and to simultaneously predict the structure of the metabolite and its fragments from the spectrum.

Here, the authors develop a high-throughput assay to measure the jumping potential of thousands of transposons in parallel.

During mitosis, mitochondria partition into daughter cells through microtubule-based transport. Here the authors show that the mitochondrial protein Miro and the cytoskeletal-associated protein Cenp-F interact in a cell-cycle dependent manner to promote microtubule-directed movement of mitochondria.

SAMHD1 is a cellular dNTPase proposed to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcription in non-cycling immune cells by limiting dNTP substrate supply; its anti-viral but not dNTPase function is downregulated by phosphorylation of T592. Here, Martinat et al. describe an additional SUMOylation at residue K595, which promotes the dNTPase-independent restriction activity.

This updated analysis of the Cell Tracking Challenge explores how algorithms for cell segmentation and tracking in both 2D and 3D have advanced in recent years, pointing users to high-performing tools and developers to open challenges.

Tissue–gene fine-mapping (TGFM) generalizes the SuSiE method to fine-map causal tissues and genes at disease loci using external eQTL data, offering improved calibration owing to modeling of cis-predicted expression uncertainty.

In this work, the authors report NMR lipids Databank to promote decentralised sharing of biomolecular molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data with an overlay design. Programmatic access enables analyses of rare phenomena and advances the training of machine learning models.

H2B.8 is identified as a histone variant that mediates a newly described mechanism of transcription-compatible chromatin condensation in flowering plant sperm cells.

This protocol describes a detailed method for superresolution imaging of plant tissues by structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Details include microscope calibration, tissue preparation, image acquisition and evaluation of SIM images.

Super-resolution microscopy is a valuable tool in bioimaging, but often requires complex systems or post-processing. Here, the authors present super-linear excitation-emission (SEE) microscopy, which overcomes these limitations by taking advantage of markers with super-linear dependence between emission and excitation power.

Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.

STAARpipeline is a comprehensive framework for flexible and scalable rare-variant association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data and annotation information.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Several unusual features have been reported for bacteria of the phylum Planctomycetes, such as cytosolic compartmentalization and an endocytosis-like process. Here, Boedekeret al. provide evidence supporting a Gram-negative cell plan and the absence of endocytosis-like processes in these organisms.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Active fluids exhibit regimes with a complex spatio-temporal structure reminiscent of inertial turbulence. Now, inertial and active turbulence are theoretically shown to be closely related indeed.

The directional propagation of phonon polaritons has been demonstrated in various twisted van der Waals materials. Here, the authors report a complementary type of directional polariton propagation by visualizing unidirectional ray polaritons in twisted asymmetric stacks of α-MoO3 and/or β-Ga2O3.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Interferometric detection schemes exploit phase-sensitive combination of spatially separated observation to increase sensitivity. Here, the authors combine data from two atomic comagnetometers separated by 860 km to improve limits on axion-like particles across nine orders of magnitude of mass range.

The relationship between new greenspaces and gentrification is an important one for urbanization. Here the authors show a positive relationship for at least one decade between greening in the 1990s–2000s and gentrification that occurred between 2000–2016 in 17 of 28 studied cities in North America and Europe.

Lineage tracing of human stem cells is achieved by measuring fluctuating DNA methylation.

In genome-wide association meta-analysis, it is often difficult to find an independent dataset of sufficient size to replicate associations. Here, the authors have developed MAMBA to calculate the probability of replicability based on consistency between datasets within the meta-analysis.