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Measuring pharmacodynamics (PD) is vital for drug development but traditional PD studies are labor and resource intensive. Wu et al. introduce a kinase-modulated bioluminescent indicator for noninvasive visualization of Akt-related drug PD in living animals.

A sensitive Breakthrough Listen search for technosignatures towards Proxima Centauri has resulted in a viable narrowband signal. The observational approach, using the Parkes Murriyang telescope, is described here, while the signal of interest is analysed in a companion paper by Sheikh et al.

The authors showcase an optical-to-microwave conversion method using an optomechanical waveguide integrated with a piezoelectric transducer. The presented system allows bidirectional optical-to-microwave conversion with a quantum efficiency of up to—54.16 dB.

Russo et al. show that context-specific place cell assemblies support hippocampal integration of past experiences into future plans during goal-directed behavior and propose a biophysical mechanism behind the formation of goal dependent theta sequences.

New single crystal paleointensity data show that the geomagnetic field was renewed in the early Cambrian after near collapse in the Ediacaran Period. This implies that the innermost/outermost structure of the inner core formed 450 million yrs. ago.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Intense laser-driven acceleration mechanisms are promising for the realization of compact particle accelerators. Here, the authors present a miniature linear accelerating module for laser-driven protons from a foil that addresses limitation in terms of peak energy, bandwidth and beam divergence.

A study reports the development and validation of a wrist-worn, consumer wearable-based system that identifies sudden loss of pulse events with a performance profile suitable for societal-scale use.

A remora-inspired mechanical underwater adhesive device adheres securely to a range of soft substrates and maintains performance under extreme pH and moisture conditions, with potential applications in biosensing and drug delivery.

The origin and early evolution of large scales in bony fishes and small scales in cartilaginous fishes are unclear. Here, the authors report a 425-million-year-old fish, Entelognathus, with a mosaic of scale and fin spine characters.

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is increasingly used to train pathology foundation models. Here, the authors introduce a pathology benchmark set generated during standard clinical workflows that includes multiple cancer and disease types; then leverage it to assess the performance of multiple public SSL pathology foundation models and to provide best practices for model training and selection.

The essential physics of cuprate superconductors is often described by single-band models. Here, Matt et al. report direct observation of a two-band electronic structure in La-based cuprates.

A possible kilonova associated with a nearby, long-duration gamma-ray burst suggests that gamma-ray bursts with long and complex light curves can be spawned from the merger of two compact objects, contrary to the established gamma-ray burst paradigm.

Designing high radiation efficiency antennas for portable transmitters in low frequency communication systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors report on using piezoelectricity to more efficiently radiate while achieving a bandwidth eighty three times higher than the passive Bode-Fano limit.

Three-layer heterostructures consisting of an indium gallium arsenide semiconducting film, a lithium niobate piezoelectric film, and a silicon substrate can be used to create acoustoelectric amplifiers that operate at gigahertz frequencies with large non-reciprocal gain and low noise in continuous operation.

Efficient phononic nonlinear processes are demonstrated in an acoustoelectric heterostructure combining a high-mobility semiconductor indium gallium arsenide film heterogeneously integrated onto a lithium niobate thin film.

A major goal in synthetic development is to build gene regulatory circuits that control patterning. Here the authors discover that elevated cell density dampens SynNotch signaling, enabling the design of density-dependent synNotch patterning circuits where multicellular patterning outcomes are programmed by controlled cell proliferation in time and space.

Atomic interferometry measurements of the gravitational force on free-falling atoms provide improved constraints on certain scalar field theories trying to explain dark energy.

Strontium isotope analysis can be applied to animal and plant tissues to help determine their provenance. Here, the authors generate a strontium isoscape of sub-Saharan Africa using data from 2266 environmental samples and demonstrate its efficacy by tracing the African roots of individuals from historic slavery contexts.

Widely cited studies have claimed that musical training is associated with enhanced neural encoding for sound at early stages of the auditory system. Results from this large-scale multisite study do not support this earlier claim.

An analysis of the Drosophila connectome yields all cell types intrinsic to the optic lobe, and their rules of connectivity.

Constructing spatial maps from sensory inputs is challenging in both neuroscience and artificial intelligence. Gornet and Thomson show that as an agent navigates an environment, a self-attention neural network using predictive coding can recover the environment’s map in its latent space.

This Perspective highlights advances in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technologies for measuring intracellular drug–target engagement, expanding their use to analyze kinetics, permeability and complex mechanisms in chemical biology.

By modelling the radio, optical, UV and X-ray data of the unusually bright cosmological explosion AT 2022cmc, Pasham et al. argue for the presence of a highly collimated jet moving at ≳99.99% the speed of light.

Polarization measurements are reported for the blazar Mk501, revealing a degree of X-ray polarization that is more than twice the optical value and supporting the shock-accelerated energy-stratified electron population scenario.

Recently there has been interest in exploring the coupling between magnons for use in information processing, however, this is hampered by the fact that such coupling is forbidden due to the different parity of the acoustic and optical magnons. Here, Comstock et al show that the interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-Interaction in a layered hybrid antiferromagnet can allow for strong coupling between the acoustic and optical magnons, offering a pathway for magnon coherent information processing.

The band gap of bulk semiconductors widens when excited by sub-bandgap wavelengths at low temperature—it’s the optical Stark effect. Here, the authors measure a room temperature optical Stark effect in lead halide perovskite films, due to their well-resolved excitonic transitions.

Reconstruction of neuronal morphology imaged by brightfield microscopy remains a challenge. Here, authors show gene expression correlates of laminar innervation on transcriptomically defined cortical populations by developing a method for automation.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

X-ray polarization measurements of the Crab nebula and pulsar by the IXPE satellite reveal a global toroidal magnetic field with large variations in local polarization, suggesting a more complex turbulence distribution than anticipated.

Two ‘outrigger’ telescopes were added to CHIME, leading to the localization at detection of FRB 20210603A. The burst originated from deep within the star-forming disk of its host galaxy.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

IXPE has revealed how the spin of the accreting neutron star Hercules X-1 changes in three dimensions. The spin axis of the star moves both through the star and across the sky, hinting that the crust of the star is asymmetric by almost one part in a million.

By day 1,041 after explosion, SN Ia-CSM 2018evt had produced an estimated 0.01 solar masses of dust in the cold, dense shell behind the supernova ejecta–circumstellar medium interaction, ranking it as one of the most prolific dust-producing supernovae ever recorded.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

Here the authors identify TNIP1 as a risk factor for a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and discover specific genetic loci associated with the three main subtypes of this disorder. The findings highlight distinct disease mechanisms, emphasizing the roles of immunity and the notch signaling pathway.

The diffuse, isotropic background of gamma rays comes mainly from star-forming galaxies, according to a physical model of gamma-ray emission.

Bacterial communities are vital for ecosystem services, but their dynamics and functioning are challenging to predict. This study shows that community dynamics are reproducible, but small initial compositional differences can lead to divergent functional outcomes, highlighting key constraints on predictability.

Suspended and bedload sediment export from glaciers responds to different hydrogeomorphic processes. Understanding both processes is key for evaluating glaciers’ impacts on landscape evolution and sediment export as the climate warms.

GIANT, a genetically informed brain atlas, integrates genetic heritability with neuroanatomy. It shows strong neuroanatomical validity and surpasses traditional atlases in discovery power for brain imaging genomics.

Inhibitory interneuron subtypes differentially control place cell representations in CA1. Here, the authors show that parvalbumin and somatostatin interneuron synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibit distinct plasticity mechanisms and incorporating this insight into circuit-level modeling leads to stable place cell representations.

Radio frequency signal processing (RFSP) currently involves a mix of components with differing operation principles, which hinders miniaturisation. Here, Hackett et al. succeed in creating acoustic non-reciprocal circulators, amplifiers, and passive filters, paving the way for all acoustic single-chip RFSP.

By using a chiral halide perovskite material, spin injection at room temperature into a conventional III–V semiconductor multiple quantum well light-emitting diode is demonstrated, resulting in a semiconductor platform that can also control spin.

In June 2022, the IXPE satellite observed a shock passing through the jet of active galaxy Markarian 421. The rotation of the X-ray-polarized radiation over a 5-day period revealed that the jet contains a helical magnetic field.

By leveraging paired microbiome and human gene expression data from pediatric patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation, distinct lung–immune system–microorganism interactions were identified as important drivers of fatal lung injury.